AbstrakDalam kehidupan masyarakat Islam ada beberapa hal yang dipandang menempati kedudukan dan otoritas keagamaan setelah Nabi Muhamad SAW sendiri. Salah satu hadist Nabi yang popular menyatakan bahwa ulama adalah pewaris para Nabi (al-ulama waratsah al-anbiya). Ulama merupakan tokoh yang dihormati oleh masyarakat Islam dan pendapat-pendapat mereka dianggap mengikat dalam berbagai masalah, tidak hanya pada masalah keagamaan saja, melainkan dalam berbagai masalah lainnya. Penelitian ini bertolak dari adanya perbedaan pemahaman antara masyarakat pedesaan mengenai peran Ulama yang bertempat di Desa Cibitung dan masyarakat perkotaan yang berada di Kelurahan Cibangkong. Masyarakat Desa Cibitung memahami bahwa peran ulama tidak ada batasnya, Ulama berperan dalam berbagai permasalahan baik agama, ekonomi dan sosial. Sedangkan masyarakat kelurahan Cibangkong sedikit bergeser pemahamannya bahwa Ulama berperan dalam masalah yang ada kaitannya dengan keagamaan saja. Dari hasil analisa yang dilakukan, maka diproleh kesimpulan bahwa terdapat perbedaan pemahaman teologis tentang peran ulama antara masyarakat pedesaan dan masyarakat perkotaan, yang mana masyarakat pedesaan memahami bahwa peran ulama begitu besar dalam kehidupan baik dalam masalah agama, sosial dan ekonomi. Sedangkan masyarakat perkotaan memahami peran ulama hanya dalam masalah yang berkaitan dengan kontek agama.
This research started from the differences in the people's views in Sagaranten District, Sukabumi Regency related to female clerics. It stems from the idea that it is appropriate for the ulama to be addressed to men with religious knowledge because the ulama are heirs to the prophets while the prophets are men. In addition, women are a place for slander so they have strict limits when working in society. The author uses descriptive qualitative methods with data collection techniques through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the people of Sagaranten District, Sukabumi Regency have both traditional and modern patterns of thought. The conventional view sees that a woman who has religious knowledge cannot carry out religious activities in a community with a mixed congregation of men and women. It is based on women being slander so that a woman's voice is considered aurat (which must be hidden). Second, the modern view views that women who have religious knowledge can be involved in society. There are no restrictions as long as they are able and have the opportunity.
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