Abstract:The development of reliable and ecofriendly approaches for the production of nanomaterials is a significant aspect of nanotechnology nowadays. One of the most important methods, which shows enormous potential, is based on the green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extract. In this paper, we aimed to develop a rapid, environmentally friendly process for the synthesis silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of sumac. The bioactive compounds of sumac extract seem to play a role in the synthesis and capping of silver nanoparticles. Structural, morphological and optical properties of the nanoparticles were characterized using FTIR, XRD, FESEM and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The formation of OPEN ACCESSMolecules 2015, 20 12947 Ag-NP was immediate within 10 min and confirmed with an absorbance band centered at 438 nm. The mean particle size for the green synthesized silver nanoparticles is 19.81 ± 3.67 nm and is fairly stable with a zeta potential value of −32.9 mV. The bio-formed Ag-NPs were effective against E. coli with a maximum inhibition zone of 14.3 ± 0.32 mm.

Currently, nanotechnology and nanoparticles (NPs) are recognised due to their extensive applications in medicine and the treatment of certain diseases, including cancer. Silver NPs (AgNPs) synthesised by environmentally friendly method exhibit a high medical potential. This study was conducted to determine the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of AgNPs synthesised from sumac (Anacardiaceae family) fruit aqueous extract (AgSu/NPs) on human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). The anti-proliferative effect of AgSu/NPs was determined by MTT assay. The apoptotic properties of AgSu/NPs were assessed by morphological analysis and acridine orange/propidium iodide (AO/PI) and DAPI staining. The mechanism of apoptosis induction in treated cells was investigated using molecular analysis. Overall results of morphological examination and cytotoxic assay revealed that AgSu/NPs exert a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the viability of MCF-7 cells (IC50 of ∼10 µmol/48 h). AO/PI staining confirmed the occurrence of apoptosis in cells treated with AgSu/NPs. In addition, molecular analysis demonstrated that the apoptosis in MCF-7 cells exposed to AgSu/NPs was induced via up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2. These findings suggested the potential use of AgSu/NP as cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic efficacy and its possible application in modern medicine for treating certain disorders, such as cancer.

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There are many experimental results in the field of finding nanofluids in optimal conditions, which are useful and effective in using artificial neural network methods for better analysis of these results. In this study, by using an artificial neural network, this paper checked the effect of temperature and concentration of different types of nanoparticles, such as copper oxide or Multi Wall Carbon Nano Tubes (MWCNT), on thermal conductivity and the interaction of nanofluid particles. The temperature and mass fraction of the nanoparticles are considered as the inputs of the neural network, and the thermal conductivity and molecular interaction as the outputs of this network are considered. The experimental data extracted for this study change in four temperatures of 25°C, 40°C, 55°C, and 70°C, as well as the mass fraction of nanoparticles in the range of 0.007%–7%. This paper considered the best network with a hidden layer, 15 neurons, and the Levenberg–Marquardt training method. The results showed that at a concentration between 2% and 4% of nanoparticles and at higher temperatures than 60°C, maximum thermal conductivity and molecular interaction occurred. Nevertheless, considering that the maximum heat conductivity combined with minimum fluid interaction with nanofluid (for more stability) is our desire, so this paper used a genetic algorithm to optimize the results obtained.