The aims of this study were to evaluate the distribution of Aluminum fraction (Al) on the horizon of forest land, agroforestry, and dryland agriculture in West Java highland soils and looking correlation with soil chemical fertility, is pH, CEC, organic-C, total N, total P, available P and soil texture. The evaluation was carried out on the results of the analysis of soil samples taken at four soil horizons (Ao or Ap, A1 or A2, B1, and B2) in each land use. Al fractionation using extraction methods with different chemicals to find exchangeable Al (Alex), amorphous Al (Alo), amorphous Al organic (Alp), amorphous Al bound weakly to organically (Alcu), Amorphous Al bound strongly to organic (Alop), and amorphous Al inorganic (Alpcu). The results showed that the Alo fraction dominated the other Al fractions in each land use. In forest land Alo fraction (> 58.61%) with a fluctuating distribution pattern, in agroforestry (54.45%) with a declining distribution at the depth of the soil horizon, then on dryland agriculture (> 89.86%) it increases fluctuatively with the depth of the soil horizon. The addition of organic material/compost must be done to increase the organic-C content in the soil.

Tujuan penelitian dirumuskan untuk mendeskripsikan konsep ekstremisme, mendeskripsikan jenis dan bentuk ektremisme dan mendeskripsikan cara untuk mengatasi ekstremisme dalam bingkai ajaran agama Buddha. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah kepustakaan (library research) dengan pendekatan analisis teks dan interorestasi teks atau sering disebut hermeneutika. Sumber primer dalam penelitian ini adalah kitab suci Tripitaka, sumber sekunder dan tersier dari buku-buku referensi ilmiah, jurnal, majalah, surat kabar yang berkaitan dengan penelitian. Teknik Analisa dilakukan dengan cara menelaah melalui kepustakaan, yaitu dengan membaca dan mengkaji sumber-sumber yang sesuai dengan penelitian serta penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) konsep ekstremisme: suatu pandangan yang melampaui batas kewajaran; (2) jenis dan bentuk ekstremisme: a). ekstrem kanan/pemuasan hawa nafsu indera secara terus menerus sehingga menimbulkan kemelekatan (kamasukkhalikanuayoga); b). ekstrem kiri/keterikatan pada praktik penyiksaaan diri (Attakilamathanuyoga); (3) cara untuk mengatasi ekstremisme dalam bingkai ajaran agama Buddha: Jalan Mulia Berunsur Delapan (Ariya Atthangika Magga), bertujuan untuk menghindari maupun mengatasi ekstremisme membebaskan penderitaan bagi semua makhluk, dan mencapai kebahagiaan tertinggi (Nibbana/Nirvana).Kata kunci: Ariya Atthangika Magga, Ekstremisme, Buddha.

No abstract

Any kind of deck on an offshore structure is very important to place everything and doing anything on it. The deck must be strong to withstand any load acting on it not only in vertical but also in a horizontal direction. Besides, many equipment placed in the deck, so that needs to be evaluated for the safety activities. The objective of the present study is to analyze the deck structure of jack-up under axial life load. The small section of the deck is taken and modeled consists of a plate and stiffened plate. The boundary condition is applied to the model including axial compression load. The thickness of the attached plating is simulated and analyzed to obtain the behavior of the model. The behavior of the model is represented by stress and deformation. For the simple analysis, the welding residual stress, crack, and initial imperfection are not taken. There are four cases for boundary conditions with different thickness of the model is analyzed. The result obtains by the numerical analysis is presented together with the behavior in term of stress and deformation.

The main objective of this research was to produce a prototype of a simple water pump using a TSAV (vertical axis wind turbine) wind turbine as a prime mover and to analyze the relationship between wind speed and speed of windmill spin with the dependent variable in the form of water flow from the pump. The study used experimental and design methods. The test results obtained a wind speed of 3.6 m/s in an average windmill rotation of 5.6 rpm. Based on ANOVA test, the wind speed in the morning, afternoon, evening, and night had a significant difference. The highest wind speed occurred during the day at 4.3 m/s while the lowest wind speed occurred at night at 2.2 m/s. Water discharge generated by the pump was 2.0347 liters/minute with an efficiency of 89.7% pump. The results of the analysis showed that wind speed, windmill spin, and water discharge could change linearly. The higher the wind speed, the greater the number of spinning windmills, and the more water discharge produced. Therefore, the results of testing the pump can work well and has the potential to be developed in the region with the existing wind speed.