No abstract

a b s t r a c tIn this study, we investigated the occurrence and removal of contaminants of emerging concern including 10 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and 3 endocrine disrupting compounds in 6 water reclamation facilities (WRFs) in Korea for better understanding of the fate of those contaminants through the water reuse system. The sampling campaigns were performed six times at each WRF from influent, and after biological, coagulation and ultraviolet disinfection processes. Concentrations of the monitored compounds in WRFs (A, B and C), which were located in industrial and urban areas, were relatively higher compared with other WRFs. Concentrations of caffeine and ibuprofen in influents were relatively higher than other PPCPs. Biological processes in the WRFs removed most of the PPCPs except carbamazepine and primidone. Carbamazepine was not readily removed by coagulation and filtration processes, which were followed by biological processes in the WRFs. Continuous monitoring and management for carbamazepine and primidone may be required to reduce or eliminate the potential adverse impact of those contaminants to ecosystems and downstream utilities.

A B S T R A C TFor better understanding of the occurrence and the fate of hazardous chemicals and toxic metals through industrial wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), 27 WWTPs in Korea with each capacity over 2,000 m 3 /d were surveyed. The sampling campaign was conducted in July through September, 2012 three times at each WWTP for 22 hazardous chemicals and toxic metals in influents and effluents. Concentrations of benzene, mercury, 1,1-dichloroethylene, and arsenic in influents to the WWTPs were relatively high (i.e. above the effluent limits for indirect dischargers in industrial complex). Counting phase transfers for the treatment, average removal rates of volatile organic compounds and metals were over 70 and 60%, respectively. However, neither treatment processes nor conventional pollutants exhibited significant correlation with the non-conventional pollutants, possibly due to complexity of operations in full scale plants. Removal rates of selenium (30%) and 1,4-dioxane (18%) were lower than other chemicals and metals. Since selenium and 1,4-dioxane were detected at a few WWTPs, it may be more efficient to manage concerning non-conventional pollutants at each WWTPs rather than establishing a universal limits for all WWTPs.

Sampling campaigns were conducted for hazardous chemicals and heavy metals in influents and effluents of industrial wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Korea for best management practices (BMPs) of those pollutants through the plants and the receiving water bodies. Twenty seven WWTPs, receiving wastewater from industrial complexes and treating more than 2,000 m 3 /day, were selected for the sampling campaign. Influents and effluents of each WWTPs were sampled once a month (total three times per plant) between July and September, 2012, and analyzed for 22 hazardous water pollutants among 28 regulated for effluents limits in Korea. Concentrations of mercury, arsenic, 1,1-dichloroethylene, and benzene in the influents were relatively higher; concentrations of mercury and arsenic in effluents were relatively higher than those of other pollutants. Most of the hazardous chemicals and heavy metals were removed (including phase transfer) more than 60% through the treatment processes except for selenium (30% removal) and 1,4-dioxane (18% removal).요약 : 본 연구는 국내 산업단지 폐수종말처리장의 유입수 및 방류수에 존재하는 특정수질유해물질 농도분포 현황을 조사 하여 폐수종말처리장으로부터 수계로 배출되는 특정수질유해물질의 효율적인 관리방안을 마련하는 기초자료를 확보하기 위해 수행되었다. 실태조사는 산업단지에 위치하고 실제 처리 및 방류량 기준 2,000 m 3 /일 이상 규모인 27개 폐수종말처리 장을 대상으로 진행하였다. 시료채취는 2012년 7~9월에 걸쳐 각 처리장별로 3회(월 1회) 실시하였고, 관리대상 특정수질유 해물질 28개 항목 중 22개에 대하여 분석하였다. 산업단지 폐수종말처리장 유입수에서는 수은, 비소, 1,1-디클로로에틸렌, 벤젠 등이 특례지역기준대비 높은 농도로 검출되었고, 방류수에서는 수은, 비소 등이 청정지역기준대비 높은 농도로 검출 되었다. 폐수종말처리장의 특정수질유해물질 평균 제거율(상전이 포함)은 셀레늄(30%), 1,4-다이옥산(18%)을 제외하고는 60% 이상을 나타냈다.

Objectives : This study investigated the removal of dissolved organic materials by coal-, coconut-, and wood-based activated carbons to assess the addition of an activated carbon process to a publicly owned treatment works (POTW).Methods : We assessed the removal of total organic carbon (TOC) by each process in the POTW, and examined the removal of TOC and UVA254 upon adding different amounts of coal-, coconut- and wood-based activated carbons (50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/L) with various contact time (10, 20, 30, 60, 120 min).Results and Discussion : Approximately 80% of TOC was removed throughout the POTW compared to the influent. The activated carbon adsorption tests of coagulated wastewater revealed that the removal rate of TOC and UVA254 from coal-based activated carbon was higher than those of coconut-based and wood-based activated carbons. The removal rate of dissolved organic materials was highest in ozone treated wastewater in all types of activated carbons, followed by ultraviolet disinfected wastewater and coagulated wastewater.Conclusions : It was possible to remove an additional 35-55% of dissolved organic materials upon addition of activated carbon to the treated wastewater although the removal depends on the material of the activated carbon, the injection amount, and the contact time. If an activated carbon process is adopted to the POTW, it can meet the effluent water quality standards (TOC).