Gliomas refer to a group of complicated human brain tumors with a low 5‐year survival rate and limited therapeutic options. Extremely low‐frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (ELF‐PEMF) is a specific magnetic field featuring almost no side effects. However, the application of ELF‐PEMF in the treatment of gliomas is rare. This review summarizes five significant underlying mechanisms including calcium ions, autophagy, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and reactive oxygen species, and applications of ELF‐PEMF in glioma treatment from a clinical practice perspective. In addition, the prospects of ELF‐PEMF in combination with conventional therapy for the treatment of gliomas are reviewed. This review benefits any specialists, especially oncologists, interested in this new therapy because it can help treat patients with gliomas properly.

Uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) is the most common cancer of the female reproductive tract. The overall survival of advanced and recurrent UCEC patients is still unfavourable nowadays. It is urgent to find a predictive biomarker and block tumorgenesis at an early stage. Plant homeodomain finger protein 6 (PHF6) is a key player in epigenetic regulation, and its alterations lead to various diseases, including tumours. Here, we found that PHF6 expression was upregulated in UCEC tissues compared with normal tissues. The UCEC patients with high PHF6 expression had poor survival than UCEC patients with low PHF6 expression. PHF6 mutation occurred in 12% of UCEC patients, and PHF6 mutation predicted favourable clinical outcome in UCEC patients. Depletion of PHF6 effectively inhibited HEC‐1‐A and KLE cell proliferation in vitro and decreased HEC‐1‐A cell growth in vivo. Furthermore, high PHF6 level indicated a subtype of UCECs characterized by low immune infiltration, such as CD3+ T‐cell infiltration. While knockdown of PHF6 in endometrial carcinoma cells increased T‐cell migration by promoting IL32 production and secretion. Taken together, our findings suggested that PHF6 might play an oncogenic role in UCEC patients. Thus, PHF6 could be a potential biomarker in predicting the prognosis of UCEC patients. Depletion of PHF6 may be a novel therapeutic strategy for UCEC patients.

BackgroundDiagnosing primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) remains a challenge. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are promising noninvasive markers for the identification of PCNSL. The present study aims to assess the diagnostic value of miRNAs for PCNSL patients as biomarkers.MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library from inception to January 31, 2021. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), together with the summary receiver operator characteristic (SROC) curve, and the area under the SROC curve (AUC) value were used to estimate the overall diagnostic performance. We used Q statistic and I2 to test heterogeneity and used subgroup analyses to investigate the source of heterogeneity. The statistical analyses were independently performed by two investigators using Stata 14.0 and Revman 5.3.ResultsIn total, 11 studies from 6 records were included in the current meta-analysis with 281 PCNSL patients and 367 controls. Our statistical analysis demonstrated that the pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, DOR, and AUC were 0.91 (95% CI 0.84–0.95), 0.88 (95% CI 0.84–0.91), 7.48 (95% CI 5.71–9.78), 0.11 (95% CI 0.06–0.19), 70 (95% CI 35–142), and 0.90 (95% CI 0.87–0.92), respectively. The studies had substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 54%, 95% CI 0–100). Two subgroup analyses were conducted based on the type of specimen and miRNAs profiled.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis indicated that miRNAs were suitable as noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers for PCNSL with high accuracy. In addition, both cerebrospinal fluid-based and blood-based miRNAs assays for PCNSL detection were considered reliable for clinical application. MicroRNA-21 assays also seemed to be more accurate in the diagnosis of PCNSL. Good quality studies with large samples should be conducted to verify our results.

Chordoma is a rare bone tumor often present in the skull base and spine. In addition, it is not sensitive to radiotherapy that surgical resection is of great significance for the treatment of chordoma. Residual tumors that cannot be surgically removed usually lead to tumor recurrence. Studies have shown that chordoma will be accompanied by multiple gene mutations, such as PDGFR, EGFR, HER2, VEGFR, and mTOR, and interact with the host immune system to promote tumor progression. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy can improve the prognosis of chordoma patients to some extent. This review focuses on the clinical trials related to targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy of chordoma.

Background Diagnosing primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) remains a challenge. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are promising noninvasive markers for the identification of PCNSL. The present study aims to assess the diagnostic value of miRNAs for PCNSL patients as biomarkers. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane library from inception to June 31, 2020. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), together with the summary receiver operator characteristic (SROC) curve, and area under the SROC curve (AUC) value were used to estimate overall diagnostic performance. We used Q statistic and I2 to test heterogeneity, and used subgroup analyses to investigate the source of heterogeneity. The statistical analyses were independently performed by two investigators using Stata 14.0 and Revman 5.3. Results In total, eleven studies from six records were included in the current meta-analysis with 281 PCNSL patients and 367 controls. Our statistical analysis demonstrated that the pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, DOR, and AUC were 0.91 (95% CI 0.84–0.95), 0.88 (95% CI 0.84–0.91), 7.48 (95% CI 5.71–9.78), 0.11 (95% CI 0.06–0.19), 70 (95% CI 35–142), and 0.90 (95% CI 0.87–0.92), respectively. The studies had substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 54%, 95% CI 0-100). Two subgroup analyses were conducted based on the type of specimen and miRNAs profiled. Conclusions This meta-analysis indicated miRNAs were suitable as noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers for PCNSL with high accuracy. In addition, both cerebrospinal fluid -based and blood-based miRNAs assays for PCNSL detection were considered reliable for clinical application. MicroRNA-21 assays also seemed to be more accurate in the diagnosis of PCNSL. Good quality studies with large samples should be conducted to verify our results.