Seismic evaluation of existing structures is based on determining the damage likely to occur during the lifetime of these structures due to earthquake ground motion excitation. However, there is not a consensus about the acceptable level of seismic damage, the expected lifetime of these structures, and the seismic hazard level(s) to evaluate the structures at. This paper presents a methodology for a parametric calculation of the seismic collapse risk of an existing Reinforced Concrete (RC) frame building based on its seismic code compliance, quantified by a dimensionless metric. This metric, defined as compliance factor, compares the seismic capacity of an existing structure with the seismic demand for a new structure at a predetermined hazard level. The inelastic seismic behavior of four models of the RC frame building of varying compliance was analytically investigated in this study to demonstrate the novel methodology. The four models of the RC building were chosen to represent existing RC frame structures designed and constructed before the introduction of modern seismic code provisions. These four building models were excited by a group of earthquake ground motion excitations using Incremental Dynamic Analysis. The collapse probabilities of the four building models, representing varying values of seismic code compliance, were determined for two different locations corresponding to regions of moderate and high seismic hazard, thus laying the basis for the compliance-based estimation of the seismic collapse risk of existing structures.

In recent years, more attention has been paid to cannabis from both medical and political points of view. This study investigates the influence of 5 different light spectra on the active substance content in THC-poor hemp of the Alessia chemotype II variety. The focus is on comparing conventional growing under metal halide lamps with growing under high-pressure sodium (HPS) vapor lamps with regard to different spectra of LED lighting modules. Growing was carried out in 10 growing boxes under controlled and mostly identical conditions for all boxes. The photoperiod during the vegetative phase was 18 h light and photosynthetic photon flux density ∼520 μmol⋅m −2 s −1. The flowering phase was 12 h light and ∼540 μmol⋅m −2 s −1. During the experiment, CO 2 , temperature, and humidity were measured and logged. Additionally, weekly measurements of chlorophyll, electric conductivity of the fertilizer, activity measurement (salt content) of the soil, and pH value of the soil were checked. The content of cannabinoids was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Plant height and growth were monitored during the whole experiment by cameras taking pictures every 30 min and loading them onto a cloud storage platform. Cannabinoid content was measured using HPLC. Plant wet weight was determined at the end of the experiment and showed that plants under the high pressure lamp treatment had less flower weight than those under the LED treatment. In conclusion, it could be shown that certain LED spectra can considerably increase the amount of cannabinoids with respect to conventional illumination (HPS).

The seismic evaluation of existing structures is based on the determination of the damage likely to occur during the lifetime of these structures due to earthquake ground motion excitation. However, there is not a consensus about the acceptable level of seismic damage, the expected lifetime of these structures, and the seismic hazard level(s) to evaluate the structures at. This paper presents a methodology for the parametric determination of the seismic collapse risk of an existing Reinforced Concrete (RC) frame building based on its seismic code compliance, quantified by a dimensionless metric. This metric, defined as compliance factor, compares the seismic capacity of an existing structure with the seismic demand for a new structure at a predetermined hazard level. The inelastic seismic behavior of four models of the RC frame building of varying compliance was analytically investigated in this study to demonstrate the implementation of the novel methodology. The four models of the RC building were chosen to represent existing RC frame structures, designed and constructed before the introduction of the modern seismic code provisions. These four building models were excited by a group of earthquake ground motion excitations using Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA). The collapse probability of the four models of the RC building representing varying values of seismic code compliance was determined for two different locations corresponding to regions of moderate and high seismic hazard, thus laying the basis for the compliance-based estimation of the seismic collapse risk of existing structures.