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Purpose: The aim of this study is early detection of increased cup to disc ratio and a survey study of cup-disc ratio in Egyptian children age group less than 15 years. Methods: Three hundred and eighty-two (382) children were enrolled in this study. They were classified into three age groups; infants' Group (1) from 0 -2 years, preschool Group (2) from 2 -6 years and school children Group (3) from 6 -15 years old. C/D ratio was measured for each child.

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Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common diabetic complications, which has become a leading cause for vision loss, mainly because of macular edema and vitreous hemorrhage. Objective Using Optical Coherence Tomography(OCT) and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCT-A) for qualitative and quantitative assessment of retinal vascular density in superficial capillary plexus, quantitative assessment of foveal avascular zone, choroidal vascular density map, assessment of retinal thickness and choroidal thickness in normal individuals and diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy (DR). Patients and Methods This study included 64 eyes. Diabetics and control group were recruited from internal medicine clinic in Misr University for science and Technology Hospital and asked to participate in this study. This study was designed as an observational and cross sectional study in the period from 8/2018 to 2/2019. Results There is decrease in Choroidal vascular density in diabetic patients. There is decrease in retinal thickness in diabetic patients and there is no significant differences in the retinal thickness between control subjects and patients with NDR. Conclusion Our study suggested that OCTA can identify preclinical DR before the manifestation of clinically apparent retinopathy. Our findings highlight the potential role of OCT-A in monitoring and quantifying retinal vascular alterations in diabetes

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