The concept of ‘problem’ has been recently promoted by the official academic institutions and put at the centre of a new field of research, self-styled ‘transdisciplinary studies’, in order to provide a foundation to a resolutely transdisciplinary approach to research and thought in general. The paper notes that the same move (i.e. connecting a problem-centred approach to thought with transdisciplinary method) can be found in Deleuze’s philosophy, which provides us with what the technocratic image of thought advocated by transdisciplinary studies ultimately cannot provide: a positive concept of problems where those are not negative moments but originary and active matrices of thought. It then argues that Deleuze owes this concept to the French epistemological tradition, and more specifically to Bachelard, where it is nothing other than the concept of structure. It ends by explicating what particular version of structuralism Deleuze was thus led to construct in order to account for the role of problems in a radically transdisciplinary account of thought: it is the fact that all structures are multi-structured that grounds the essentially transdisciplinary nature of thought. The fact that we could think differently is precisely what makes us think.
traduzido deMANIGLIER, Patrice. “De Mauss à Claude Lévi-Strauss: cinquante ans après. Pour une on-tologie Maori”. Archives de Philosophie, numéro spécial “Merleau-Ponty”, dir. Etienne Bimbenet et Emmanuel de Saint-Aubert, Tome 69, Cahier 1, Printemps, 2006 (p. 37-56).tradutor Ian PackerMestre em Filosofa (EHESS/França)revisor Nicodème de RenesseDoutorando em Antropologia Social/USP
Je voudrais ici me livrer à l’herméneutique d’un désir, qui n’est autre que le désir de philosopher. Não ceder a seu desejo, na filosofia como em outras áreas, isso não poderia querer dizer precipitar-se no primeiro dos engodos que surgem. Há um rigor do desejo e ele passa por um cuidado com as palavras, nas quais esse desejo reflete-se. Estas são as palavras que gostaria de encontrar. No cerne dessa batalha de palavras, encontra-se a de “sistema”. Que filosofar seja construir uma filosofia, isso o é. Mas isso significa que se trata de construir um sistema?
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Psicanálise e literatura podem se medir uma à outra somente como saberes a respeito da linguagem, uma vez que elas trazem igualmente à luz uma dimensão linguageira que é resistente ao saber linguístico. A imagem saussurreana da linguagem, a respeito da qual se começa a medir quanto ela estava distante daquela transmitida por esse texto apócrifo que é o Curso de Linguística Geral, permite-nos compreender por que essa dimensão é essencial àquilo que é a língua: pois os signos linguísticos são essencialmente sobredeterminados. Palavras-chave: Lacan. Mallarmé. Sobredeterminação. Valor (teoria do). Anagramas. Résumé: Psychanalyse et littérature ne peuvent se mesurer l'une à l'autre que comme savoirs sur le langage, parce qu'elles mettent également en lumière une dimension du langage résistante au savoir linguistique. L'image saussurienne du langage, dont on commence à mesurer combien elle est éloignée de celle que livrait ce texte apocryphe qu'est le Cours de linguistique générale, nous permet de comprendre pourquoi cette dimension est essentielle à ce qu'est la langue: parce que les signes linguistiques sont essentiellement surdéterminés.
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