Abstrak Evaluasi karakter morfologi akar telah dilakukan untuk menentukan karakter morfologi akar yang potensial sebagai indikator adanya kekurangan air pada padi (Oryza sativa L.) di antara panjang akar, volume akar, berat basah akar, berat kering akar, rasio akar:tajuk dan rasio panjang akar:tinggi tanaman. Eksperimen ini dilakukan di rumah kaca dan menggunakan 2 varietas padi (Superwin dan IR 64) pada fase vegetatif yang ditumbuhkan pada media tanah di polybag dengan perlakuan kekeringan (tidak disirami selama 14 hari) dan disirami sampai kapasitas lapang (kontrol). Panjang akar dan rasio panjang akar:tinggi tanaman dapat dijadikan indikator kekurangan air pada padi Superwin dan IR 64. Superwin yang merupakan padi sawah dapat dipertimbangkan untuk ditanam di lahan kering. Kata kunci: indikator, kekeringan, morfologi akar Abstract Root-morphological characters in rice (Oryza sativa L.) were evaluated to determine the potential characters as water-deficit indicators among the length, volume, fresh weight, dry weight, ratio root:shoot and ratio root length:plant height. The experiment was conducted in the glasshouse using 2 rice varieties (cv. Superwin and IR 64) grown in the soil mixture at the vegetative phase. The treatments in this experiment were water deficit (without water for 14 days) and well-watered (watering until field capacity). The root length and ratio root length:plant height were potential as water- deficit indicators in Superwin dan IR 64. The upland rice, Superwin, should be considered to be cultivated in the water limited area. Keywords: drought, indicator, root morphology
Abstrak Ketersediaan air tanah yang berkurang serta perubahan iklim yang tidak menentu menyebabkan kekurangan air bagi tanaman. Pada saat kekurangan air akar berperan penting dalam adaptasi tanaman karena akar mampu mengabsorbsi air dengan memaksimalkan sistem perakaran. Beberapa karakter morfologi akar yang menunjukkan resistensi tanaman terhadap kekurangan air ialah pemanjangan akar ke lapisan tanah yang lebih dalam, pertambahan luas dan kedalaman sistem perakaran, perluasan distribusi akar secara horizontal dan vertikal, lebih besarnya berat kering akar pada genotipe tanaman yang lebih tahan kering, pertambahan volume akar, peningkatan berat jenis akar dan resistensi longitudinal pada akar, daya tembus akar yang tinggi, lebih tingginya rasio akar dan tajuk serta rasio panjang akar dan tinggi tanaman. Kata Kunci: kekeringan, morfologi akar, resistensi Abstract The decrease of soil water availability and unpredicted climate change resulted in water deficit in plants. The plant root is very important in plant adaptation during water deficit as the root can absorb the water by maximizing the root system. Some root morphological characters that indicated the drought resistance in plant are root lengthening through deeper soil layers, the increase of root area and depth, the increment of horizontal and vertical root distribution, bigger root dry mass in drought-resistant genotypes, increased root volume, the increase of root density and longitudinal resistance, bigger root penetration, higher root shoot ratio, and also larger ratio of root length and plant height. Keywords: drought, resistance, root morphology
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