This study was designed to evaluate the thyroid and pituitary hormone levels in post-weaning rats whose dams were fed a low-protein diet during suckling (21 days). The dams and pups were divided into 2 groups: a control group fed a diet containing 22% protein that supplies the necessary amount of protein for the rat and is the usual content of protein in most commercial rat chow, and a diet group fed a lowprotein (8%) diet in which the protein was substituted by an isocaloric amount of starch. After weaning all dams and pups received the 22% protein diet. Two hours before sacrifice of pups aged 21, 30 and 60 days, a tracer dose (0.6 µCi) of 125 I was injected (ip) into each animal. Blood and thyroid glands of pups were collected for the determination of serum T 4 , T 3 and TSH and radioiodine uptake. Low protein diet caused a slight decrease in radioiodine uptake at 21 days, and a significant decrease in T 3 levels (128 ± 14 vs 74 ± 9 ng/dl, P<0.05), while T 4 levels did not change and TSH was increased slightly. At 30 days, T 3 and TSH did not change while there was a significant increase in both T 4 levels (4.8 ± 0.3 vs 6.1 ± 0.2 µg/dl, P<0.05) and in radioiodine uptake levels (0.34 ± 0.02 vs 0.50 ± 0.03%/mg thyroid, P<0.05). At 60 days serum T 3 , T 4 and TSH levels were normal, but radioiodine uptake was still significantly increased (0.33 ± 0.02 vs 0.41 ± 0.03%/mg thyroid, P<0.05). Thus, it seems that protein malnutrition of the dams during suckling causes hypothyroidism in the pups at 21 days that has a compensatory mechanism increasing thyroid function after refeeding with a 22% protein diet. The radioiodine uptake still remained altered at 60 days, when all the hormonal serum levels returned to the normal values, suggesting a permanent change in the thyroid function.

No abstract

The percent of lipids in the western diet has been continuously increasing in the last decades and is associated with a decrease in the proportion of protein intake. Recently, we demonstrated that protein malnutrition during lactation is associated with lower body weight and thyroid hypofunction in female rats and their offspring. Our objective in the present study was to determine if a high-fat and lowprotein diet was associated with similar changes. Three-month-old female Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of the following groups with 8 animals each: high-fat and low-protein (40% lipid, 5% protein, and 55% carbohydrate of the total energy content) from the 3rd week of gestation to the end of lactation; control group -standard diet (11% lipid, 23% protein, and 66% carbohydrate of the total energy content). Food consumption and body weight were monitored daily. Serum thyrotropin and thyroid hormone concentrations were determined by specific radioimmunoassay at the end of lactation. Animals receiving high-fat and low-protein diet had a significantly lower body weight (13.9% at weaning, P < 0.05) and serum albumin (25%, P < 0.05) and thyrotropin (26.2%, P < 0.01) concentrations, and a higher serum triiodothyronine concentration (74%, P < 0.005) and 131 I-thyroid uptake (77%, P < 0.005). These data show that a high-fat and low-protein diet can promote maternal thyroid hyperfunction that differs from the thyroid hypofunction observed in dams fed a lowprotein diet, a phenomenon that can be of adaptive importance for pup nurturing.

Objetivo: explorar a associação entre o estado nutricional e os aspectos relacionados à qualidade de vida em pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS (PVHA) em tratamento antirretroviral. Materiais e Métodos: estudo seccional com uma amostra de 83 pacientes selecionada nos ambulatórios de doenças infecciosas de um instituto de referência para tratamento do HIV/AIDS. Os participantes foram avaliados quanto ao estado nutricional (avaliação nutricional subjetiva global - ANSG) e aos aspectos relacionados à qualidade de vida (questionário Item Short-Form Health Survey -SF-36) por uma fisioterapeuta treinada da equipe multidisciplinar de terapia nutricional. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa e todos os participantes assinaram termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido. Resultados: A maioria era do sexo masculino (56,6%), tinha concluído o ensino médio (54,2%), era ativo profissionalmente (54,2%), e ganhava pelo menos um salário mínimo (92,8%). Um terço da amostra tinha desnutrição leve ou moderada, e relatou presença de algum sintoma gastrintestinal. Grande parte dos pacientes apresentava perda de tecido adiposo (65%) e de massa muscular (34,9%) e 40,9% tinham deficiência funcional relacionada ao estado nutricional. Os pacientes classificados como desnutridos, tiveram piores resultados com relação aos componentes da ANSG e menores escores nos domínios da qualidade de vida (capacidade funcional, vitalidade, e limitação por aspectos físicos, emocionais e sociais). Conclusão: A desnutrição parece interferir negativamente na qualidade de vida de PVHA, e o uso de um instrumento de triagem rápida do estado nutricional, como a ANSG, por uma equipe interdisciplinar pode identificar precocemente pacientes que precisam de rápida intervenção nutricional. DESCRITORES: Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida. HIV. Terapia Antirretroviral.

Objective: to describe the profi le of standardized oral drugs at a hospital unit and assess their adequacy for use via enteral feeding tubes, according to recommendations from the literature. Method: descriptive study, with data on drugs collected from the Pharmacy Service Dispensing System. Specifi c recommendations for the use of these drugs via enteral feeding tubes were found after searches in literary databases, books, manuals, guidelines and package insert collections. Results: among the 236 dispensed oral drugs, 86% were in solid form; of those, 32 were "non-crushable", with the liquid form available at the institution. Twenty-eight drugs with potential interactions with enteral nutrition were identifi ed. Sixty percent of those presented specifi c recommendations on their administration via enteral feeding tube. Conclusion: the joint participation of multidisciplinary nutritional therapy and care teams and the implementation of programs for continuous training are suggested strategies for the prevention of potential problems in the administration of drugs in the hospital setting.