Green propolis may represent a promising therapeutic alternative against dental anaerobic pathogens because of its antimicrobial action. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm actions of Brazilian green propolis aqueous extract (BGP-AqExt) against dental anaerobic bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum microbicide concentration (MMC) of the extract were determined against the standard strains (ATCC) of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvimonas micra, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Porphyromonas endodontalis. BGP-AqExt was chemically characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) analysis. Antibiofilm action was measured by MTT and crystal violet tests. The data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey (5%) tests. The extract had antimicrobial action against all tested anaerobic bacteria, with an MIC value of 55 mg/mL for all bacteria, an MMC of 27.5 mg/mL for F. nucleatum and P. micra and 55 mg/mL for P. intermedia. Chemically, BGP-AqExt is composed of quercetin, gallic acid, caffeic and p-coumaric acid, drupani, kaempferol and Artepillin C. Significant reductions in biomass and metabolic action of biofilms were found after BGP-AqExt application. Therefore, BGP-AqExt has an antimicrobial and antibiofilm effect against dental anaerobic bacteria.

Objective: Treponema denticola “T. denticola” is a pathogen associated with periodontal diseases that exhibits capacity for adherence, invasion, and colonization of host tissues, which allows alternating its location and damage in different sites of human body. This review aimed to discuss different studies that detected T. denticola in atherosclerotic plaques, demonstrating the importance of periodontal disease on the systemic health and the necessity of exploring the outcome of this colonization apart from the oral cavity. Methodology: Fifty-five studies were identified and gathered in this review according to the following topics: Periodontal disease, atherosclerosis and T. denticola. In vitro and in vivo studies published between 2002 and 2020 were searched on PubMed, raising relevant insights about the role of T. denticola and its association with the systemic disease, atherosclerosis, focusing on the bacterial tissue invasion and development of atherosclerosis. Results: After bibliographic review, it was possible to identify studies demonstrating the presence of T. denticola and other oral pathogens in cardiac or vascular tissues and in blood serum, as well, there is research in which other evidence of a relationship with atherosclerosis is shown. Conclusion: The invasion of periodontal pathogens and its toxins associated to the host’s immune and inflammatory response may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis.

This study was performed to evaluate the biocompatibility and antifungal effect of Rosmarinus officinalis against Candida albicans in Galleria mellonella model. Five different concentrations of R. officinalis glycolic extract (50; 25; 12.5 e 6.25 mg/mL) were used to evaluate its biocompatibility in G. mellonella model, in which the nystatin suspension (100; 50; 25; 12.5 e 6.25%) was used as a control group. The antifungal action of R. officinalis glycolic extract was evaluated on C. albicans for 72, 48 and 12 h at two different phases: (1) using the extract as therapeutic agent; and (2) using the extract as prophylactic agent. PBS was used as a negative control group. G. mellonella survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan–Meier method and statistical analysis was performed using the log-rank test (Mantel–Cox) and the significance level was set at (α ≤ 0.05). There was no significant difference among the groups in which all were biocompatible except of a significant death rate of 26.6% with nystatin 100%. In phase 1, it was found that after 7 days, there was no statistically significant difference among the prophylactic treatment groups. In phase 2, the groups of R. officinalis 6.25 mg/mL for 72 h and R. officinalis of 12.5 mg/mL for 24 h promoted the survival rate of the larvae in comparison with the control group with a significant difference (p = 0.017) and (p = 0.032) respectively. Therefore, R. officinalis extract is biocompatible in different concentrations and can be used as a prophylactic agent against fungal infection.

Objective: Evaluate the anti-biofilm activity of Gymnema sylvestre, Hamamelis virginiana, Juglans regia, Persea americana, Pfaffia paniculata, Rosmarinus officinalis, Stryphnodendron barbatiman and Thymus vulgaris extracts in 3 MDR strains and 1 ATCC (4352) of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Methods: First were made a screening with broth microdilution test, protocol M7-A9, according to CLSI. Extracts that presented values for Minimal Microbicidal Concentration (MMC) were selected for biofilms tests on 96 wells plates. Treatments used concentrations of 25 and 50 mg/mL, after biofilms were measured by biomass and MTT tests and statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test (p<0.05). Results: All extracts showed MIC for all K. pneumoniae strains studied, with values ranging from 12.5-100 mg/mL. Biomass of the strains ATCC and MDR strain (400381) of K. pneumoniae obtained reductions of 37.7 and 44.3% with P. paniculata and R. officinalis extracts. The isolate 386546 obtained a reduction of 29.7% (p<0.05) under R. officinalis action. Conclusion: Among the extracts studied, those that were most effective in the anti-biofilm action were J. regia, P. paniculata and R. officinalis. Therefore, these extracts could act as bactericidal agents against K. pneumoniae MDR.

A própolis, é um produto elaborado pelas abelhas a partir de resinas encontradas na natureza, que possuem uma forte atividade antioxidante. A ela são atribuídas diversas propriedades farmacológicas e biológicas, a saber, antioxidante, anti-inflamatória, cicatrizante e antimicrobiana, entre outras. Os parâmetros de controle de qualidade estabelecidos para esse produto apícola, preveem a avaliação da atividade antioxidante, por permanganato de potássio (KMnO4) e pelo radical difenilpicrilhidrazila (DPPH). Esses parâmetros medem a qualidade da própolis. O método do KMnO4 é qualitativo, permitindo verificar a capacidade antioxidante da própolis, ou seja, o tempo medido para a oxidação completa da solução do KMnO4, por meio da verificação visual da alteração da cor. Na reação redox, o KMnO4 é o agente oxidante, observando-se a alteração da cor da solução de violeta para incolor. Entretanto, esse método é bastante controverso, pois leva a muitos erros de medida porque o tempo de descoloração do reagente é muito rápido. A proposta desse trabalho foi a de tornar a metodologia do KMnO4 quantitativa, semelhante à do DPPH, medindo-se a concentração de própolis que leva a descoloração do KMnO4 em 5 s, 10 s e 20 s. O resultado mostrou uma correlação linear (R) de 0,95 para o tempo de 20 s, em comparação com o DPPH, indicando que o método redesenhado é confiável e pode ser utilizado em vez desse último.