A model for the recognition of tachistoscopically presented words is developed. The model is a "sophisticated guessing" model which takes explicit account of the geometry of the characters which make up the words or letter strings. Explicit attempts are made to account for word frequency effects, effects due to letter transition probabilities, and effects due to physical similarity of character strings to one another. A word recognition experiment using the set of three-letter words is reported, and the model is used to make quantitative predictions of these results as well as to give a qualitative account for a number of results in the literature. Finally, it is shown that under certain simplifying assumptions this sophisticated guessing model is isomorphic with the "criterion bias" model as developed in 1967 by Broadbent.

Memory for object color often produces object-specific deviations from actual color. Several studies have indicated that "memory colors" exist and in some cases influence perception of object color. Systematic changes in memory for color per se cannot account for these memorycolor phenomena. A study was conducted to characterize more specifically the nature of memory for object color information. The study was designed to assess the dependence of memory color on shape and texture information, to compare memory color with color preference, and to determine whether sophistication about color technology affects color memory and preference. Results indicated that, for hue and brightness, memory and preference were quite accurate for the objects tested; however, all subjects remembered and also preferred all items to be more highly saturated. Change in context produced no change in accuracy, suggesting that access to memory for object color is independent of shape and texture information. Color seems to be an independently accessible feature of memory representation rather than an integral part of a prototypic representation.

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