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From 1928 to 1965 the higher survival rates to age 1 for Pacific mackerel (Scomber japonicus) in the California Current occurred during years of decreased southward transport (as indicated by sea level), which in turn is related to El Niño events. During such years, plankton biomass was relatively low. Conversely, Pacific mackerel survival rates to age 1 were low during periods of increased southward transport, when plankton biomass was high. We conclude that survival rates during the early life history may be more influenced by hydrographic processes in a direct manner than by biological interactions. This interpretation is consistent with Hjort's (1914. Rapp. P.-V. Réun. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer 20: 1–228) second hypothesis to explain interannual variability in recruitment to fish populations.

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