Objective: Following revision of the international standard classification (ISC088), to update and validate on health data an occupationally derived indicator of socio‐economic status (SES) adapted to changing occupational and demographic conditions. Method: The development of the New Zealand Socioeconomic Index (NZSEI) is based on a ‘returns to human capital’ model of the stratification process and uses data from the 1991 New Zealand Census (n=1,051,926) to generate scores for 97 occupational groups. The construct validation of the scale is carried out on data from the 1992‐93 nationwide Household Health Survey (n=3,000) using three health indicators (self‐assessed health, cigarette smoking, general practitioner visits). Results: In general, the results are consistent with expected socio‐economic patterns drawn from the literature for the three indicators. Conclusions: While further work is required on a number of methodological and conceptual issues, the NZSEI provides a robust, standardised and internationally comparable occupational scale of SES for both males and females in either full‐ or part‐time employment. Implications: The NZSEI can be used on routinely collected occupational data. It has a clear conceptual rationale, updates existing SES scales, and provides a link to international standards in SES and occupational classification.

"New Zealand's immigration policies and trends since 1945 are compared with those of Canada and Australia. For most of this period, Australia has pursued the more expansive immigration policy while Canada and New Zealand have tended to link immigration intakes to fluctuations in labor demand. All three countries initially discriminated against non-European immigrants but gradually moved towards nondiscriminatory policies based on similar selection criteria and means of assessment. New Zealand has traditionally been more cautious than both Canada and Australia in terms of how many immigrants it accepted and from what sources, but it has recently followed the other two in raising immigration targets encouraging migration from nontraditional sources, particularly Asian countries. Historical, global and national factors are drawn upon to explain the degree of convergence between these three societies."

CONGENITAL stenosis of the pulmonary artery branches is an anomaly characterized by narrowed segments of one or more of the main or peripheral branches of the pulmonary artery. Such conditions lhave been variously labeled pulmonary coaretation,' peripheral pulmonary stenosis,2 and multiple peripheral stenoses 3 of the pulmonary artery. Several cases of this anomaly have appeared in the literature 1-17 since its first description by Oppenheimer4 in 1938. The problems produced by stenosis of the branches of the pulmonary artery are related to diagnosis and to the difficulties that they may present in the correction of associated cardiovascular defects.It is the purpose of this paper to review our experience with 18 cases of steniosis of the pulmonary artery branches (cases 1 to 18) encountered at the Mayo Clinic with particular regard for diagnosis in the presence of infundibular or valvular pulmonary stenosis and for the role of branch stenosis in the surgical therapy of associated cardiovascular abnormalities. Cases Studied and Procedures UsedTen of the 18 patients were males, and eight were females. Eight patients were 3 years old or less, six were 5 to 10 years old, and four were 17 to 21 years of age. A complete history and physical examination, roentgenogram of the thorax, and electrocardiogram were obtained in each case.Sixteen patients underwent special investigation that utilized cardiac catheterization for From the Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota.

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"New Zealand's immigration policies and trends since 1945 are compared with those of Canada and Australia. For most of this period, Australia has pursued the more expansive immigration policy while Canada and New Zealand have tended to link immigration intakes to fluctuations in labor demand. All three countries initially discriminated against non-European immigrants but gradually moved towards nondiscriminatory policies based on similar selection criteria and means of assessment. New Zealand has traditionally been more cautious than both Canada and Australia in terms of how many immigrants it accepted and from what sources, but it has recently followed the other two in raising immigration targets encouraging migration from nontraditional sources, particularly Asian countries. Historical, global and national factors are drawn upon to explain the degree of convergence between these three societies."