Les pratiques industrielles et commerciales des banques coopératives coexistent avec des innovations sociales. À partir d’une enquête de terrain originale menée en France, l’article tente d’appréhender, en référence aux travaux de C. Vienney (1980, 1994), la capacité d’innovation sociale de ces banques relativement aux banques « SA ». Une différenciation utile est établie entre processus de banalisation et processus d’institutionnalisation. En s’intéressant à l’articulation entre règles, acteurs et organisation et à travers une analyse des services, des produits ou des dispositifs associés à ces différents types de banques, les auteurs soulignent la capacité des banques coopératives à répondre à des besoins non satisfaits par le marché, en privilégiant l’utilité du service sur la rentabilité. C’est aussi la capacité à mobiliser des acteurs collectifs dans le cadre de rapports de réciprocité entre les associés et l’organisation, en bref à faire vivre une démocratie économique, qui est mise en exergue.The industrial and commercial practices of cooperative banks co-exist with social innovations. Based on an original survey conducted in France, and pursuing the line of inquiry in Vienney's studies (1980, 1994), the article tries to assess the ability for social innovation of cooperative banks compared with conventional banks. A useful differentiation is made between the process of reverting into a mainstream firm and the process of institutionalization. By focusing on the relationship between regulations, actors and organization and examining the services, products and schemes associated with these different types of banks, the authors are able to highlight cooperative banks' ability to meet needs that are not fulfilled by the market by making service usefulness a higher priority than profitability. Another key factor that is pointed out is the ability to engage collective actors within the context of gift-exchange relations between members and the organization or, to put it more simply, economic democracy in action
Si le territoire s’est révélé un objet de recherche autonome pour l’économie contemporaine, il constitue aussi une entrée originale pour problématiser l’économie sociale et solidaire (ESS). Dans un premier temps, l’article présente une grille de lecture des différentes approches économiques, qui permet de dégager six questions pertinentes pour l’ESS. La catégorie « territoire » se prêtant ainsi à des interprétations croisées, les auteurs extraient du questionnement précédent, en lien avec les différentes contributions de ce numéro de la « Recma », deux axes essentiels de recherche : d’une part, la gouvernance territoriale des organisations de l’ESS, analysée sous l’angle de la prise de décision entre parties prenantes et des politiques publiques; d’autre part, les territoires cognitif et axiologique de l’ESS, explorés à travers la mise en oeuvre de ressources cognitives par les acteurs et leurs croyances partagées ou distribuées.If local communities constitute an independent subject of research in contemporary economics, they also represent an interesting angle for examining issues concerning the social and solidarity economy (SSE). This article begins with an overview of the different economic approaches and then identifies six issues that are relevant for the SSE. As the local community category is open to various interpretations, the authors select two crucial avenues for research, which are related to the different contributions in this issue of Recma. These are the issue of local governance of SSE organizations in terms of how organizations and local authorities make decisions and the issue of the SSE's cognitive and axiological communities, which are explored through the cognitive resources utilized by actors and their shared and distributed beliefs
Work Integration Social Enterprises (WISEs) in France become in-creasingly dependent on commercial resources through public and private markets. Following New Public Management reforms that try to modernize the sector via market oriented management, they have restructured and modified their practices. We compare the normative prescriptions of the theory of incentives in regulation to the actual practices. The trend toward competitive process is described and the form of incentives contract toward workfare is detailed. Are the main insights of this literature appealing for this kind of enterprises? Do the traditional incentives and contract theories ignore some very specific features of WISEs entities? We point out the drawbacks of potentially inaccurate forms of regulation contracts currently used.
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