Background: Several mosquito collection methods are routinely used in vector control programmes. However, they target different behaviours causing bias in estimation of species diversity and abundance. Given the paucity of mosquito trap data in West Africa, we compared the performance of five trap-lure combinations and Human Landing Catches (HLCs) in Guinea. Methods: CDC light traps (LT), BG sentinel 2 traps (BG2T), gravid traps (GT) and Stealth traps (ST) were compared in a 5 × 5 Latin Square design in three villages in Guinea between June and July 2018. The ST, a portable trap which performs similarly to a LT but incorporates LEDs and incandescent light, was included since it has not been widely tested. BG2T were used with BG and MB5 lures instead of CO 2 to test the efficacy of these attractants. HLCs were performed for 5 nights, but not as part of the Latin Square. A Generalised Linear Mixed Model was applied to compare the effect of the traps, sites and collection times on mosquito abundance. Species identification was confirmed using PCR-based analysis and Sanger sequencing. Results: A total of 10,610 mosquitoes were captured across five traps. ST collected significantly more mosquitoes (7096) than the rest of the traps, but resulted in a higher number of damaged specimens. ST and BG2T collected the highest numbers of Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, respectively. HLCs captured predominantly An. coluzzii (41%) and hybrids of An. gambiae and An. coluzzii (36%) in contrast to the five traps, which captured predominantly An. melas (83%). The rural site (Senguelen) presented the highest abundance of mosquitoes and overall diversity in comparison with Fandie (semi-rural) and Maferinyah Centre I (semi-urban). Our results confirm the presence of four species for the first time in Guinea. Conclusions: ST collected the highest number of mosquitoes suggesting this trap may play an important role for mosquito surveillance in Guinea and similar sites in West Africa. We recommend the incorporation of molecular tools in entomological studies since they have helped to identify 25 mosquito species in this area.

24Background: Guinea is a West African country with a high prevalence of vector-borne 25 diseases where few entomological studies have been undertaken. Although several 26 mosquito collection methods are routinely used for surveillance in vector control 27 programmes, they target different behaviours causing bias in species diversity and 28 abundance. Given the paucity of mosquito trap data in West Africa, we compared the 29 performance of five trap-lure combinations and Human Landing Catches (HLCs) in Guinea. 30 Methods: Five mosquito traps were compared in a 5x5 Latin Square design for 15 days in 31 three villages in Guinea between June and July 2018. CDC light traps, BG sentinel 2 traps 32 (with BG and MB5 lures), gravid traps and Stealth traps were deployed for 24-hour intervals 33 with mosquitoes collected every 12 hours (day and night collections). HLCs were also 34 performed for 15 nights. A Generalised Linear Mixed Model was applied to compare the 35 effect of the traps, sites and collection times on the mosquito abundance. Species 36 identification was confirmed using PCR-based analysis and Sanger sequencing. 37Results: In total, 10,610 mosquitoes were captured across all five traps. Significantly more 38 mosquitoes (P<0.005) were collected by Stealth traps (7,096) compared to the rest of the 39 traps. Stealth traps and BG sentinel 2 traps were the best at capturing An. gambiae and Ae. 40 aegypti mosquitoes respectively. HLCs captured predominantly An. coluzzii (41%) and 41 hybrids of An. gambiae s.s. / An. coluzzii (36%) in contrast to the five adult traps, which 42 captured predominantly An. melas (83%). Senguelen (rural) presented the highest 43 abundance of mosquitoes and overall diversity in comparison with Fandie (semi-rural) and 44 Maferinyah Centre One (semi-urban). To our knowledge, four species are reported for the 45 first time in Guinea. 46Conclusions: Stealth traps presented the best performance overall, suggesting that this trap 47 has helped to reveal, together with morphological identification, the presence of 25 mosquito 50 species in this area. 51 BACKGROUND 53Control programmes which target malaria and other vector-borne diseases need to be 54 specific to the country or region in which they are implemented. In order to choose the best 55 intervention(s), it is essential to know which mosquito species are both present, and 56 transmitting human pathogens in a given area. For example, the primary vectors of malaria 57in Africa display primarily endophagic and endophilic behaviour and therefore can be 58 targeted by interventions such as Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) or through the use of 59Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs). Despite primary vectors contributing to the majority 60 of the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases, secondary vector species can play an 61 essential role in maintaining residual transmission (1). However, secondary malaria vectors 62 that display exophagic and/or exophilic behaviour may not be affected by interventions 63 foused on the primary vectors. ...

Aedes albopictus (Skuse) mosquitoes collected in Potosi, Mo., were tested for their ability to transmit a newly recognized Bunyamwera sero group virus isolated from the same mosquito population. Mosquitoes were fed artificial blood meals containing 4.5-6.2 log10 TCID50 of virus per ml. After 7-29 d at 25 degrees C, 79-99% of the mosquitoes had disseminated infections and 0-26% transmitted virus to fluid-filled capillary tubes. Transmission was first observed after 7 d of extrinsic incubation. Tests failed to detect transovarial transmission in 5,145 progeny from ovarian cycles 2-4. Following parenteral inoculation with 5.3-6.0 log10 TCID50 of virus, four of nine adult hamsters developed viremia. Ten of 16 suckling mice died following intracerebral inoculation of 5.0 log10 TCID50 of virus (fifth Vero cell passage); the average survival time was 8.8 d (SD, 3.5). No mortality occurred in 10 suckling mice inoculated with 3.6 log10 TCID50 of virus (second Vero cell passage).