Abstract. The Aspergillus niger fermented Tri-phala waste (FTW) was extracted with ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) using deionized water as an extraction medium at 30°C. The 40 kHz ultrasonic frequency was used for sonicate the FTW immerged in the water at the ratio of 1 : 100 for 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min. The contents of gallic acid, isoquercetin obtained after extraction were measured by HPLC. The extraction yields of gallic acid and isoquercetin were compared with the yields from the water extraction without ultrasonic assistance (control condition). The results showed that using the ultrasonic assistance increased the extraction yield of gallic acid from 0.25±0.03 to 1.26±0.

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<abstract> <p>Triphala byproduct from hot-water extraction (TPB), which was a traditional process, was valorized by solid state fermentation in this research. Since the leftovers from the extraction contain high rutin and tannin contents, they were hydrolysable to isoquercitin and gallic acid, which were their monomers, respectively. <italic>Aspergillus niger</italic>, a producer of α-L-rhamnosidase and β-glucosidase, was cultured on the TPB to produce both isoquercitin and gallic acid, which were powerful antioxidants used in medical applications. The solid-state fermentation (SSF) was conducted in the three-layered packed-bed bioreactor aerated with humid air at different rates (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 L/L/min or vvm). The highest isoquercitin and gallic acid production rates were found in the SSF, with 0.1 vvm at 1.14/h and 0.3 vvm at 3.12/h, respectively. The interaction of aeration rate and fermentation time significantly affected the fungal growth and the production of gallic acid, while the isoquercitin production was affected only by the fermentation time. Moreover, the differences of their production yields in different positions of bed along the height of bioreactor found to be useful to design the harvesting period of the fermentation products including isoquercitin or gallic acid or simultaneous isoquercitin and gallic acid. The results clearly showed that aeration, harvesting time, and position of the bioreactor were crucial in designing the process for isoquercitin, gallic acid, or both.</p> </abstract>

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