Different people exercise for different reasons. Older persons may have different priorities than younger ones and thus are motivated to exercise by different factors. Given the changing demographics with an increasing proportion of older adults in the general population, it is important that we do not overlook this cohort when designing health promotion and illness prevention programs. Motivating factors for physical activity were recorded by participants (N = 916) in the Northern Ireland Health and Activity Survey (1994) using an extensive computerized interview. In 10 of the 13 motivating factors for exercise studied, there were significant differences between age groups on the importance of personal goals and the perceived efficacy of exercise in achieving these goals. This has implications for exercise promotion programs.

T h e in fra rC'd spect ra of coat ing-grade [l.~p h a l ts to \V h ich m oel el or~a n ic co m p ou nel s we re add ed wel'(' com pa rC'd with sp ectra of th e or ig in a l as ph a l t~ a ncl with . ph otoo xlcll zC'r] asphalts. By t his m et hod , it I\"3S s hown t h at t he pl'l Il Clp a l oxyge n-coll tail ling prociuct s fo rm ed in t he asp l19 1t du ring ai r-or ph otoox ldatlOn w(' re a ld e hyd es, ket o nes, a nd aC id s. T he pTcsen ce of cstcr s coul d 1l 0t be COil fi I'm ed .The eff ects o f air-blO\r in g conditions a nd C' levat ed tC' mpe' m t ure storage' o n sC've' ra l asp halts wpre eX fl ]11 in ecl by in frarcd sp cct roscop.v. ~l c n1 t(' ci te' lli pcnttu re (~2 6 0 °e) s torage' of ai r'-o xicii zccl ap shalts, un de r n it rogcll , cl C'c rcasecl a bso rbance III t he ca r bo ny l band at 1700 c m-I a nd rC'ci liceri d urab ili t y to accC' lcratcd \\·cat ll(' ],]llg.Phot oox id at io n rcactio ns t h~lt occ ur rC'd at t he s urfa ce o f t h ick (625 Il ) as phalt fi lms, as detected by infrarccl spec;troscop.v, 11'(']'(' t Il(' SflmC' as those lI'hich too k plaeC' in th e thi n (25 Il ) fil ms. Also, t he p lr otooxid ation ratps 1\'(' ]'(' C'o m pa m b l(' . On ly ncp-l lg lb lc a m oun t s of ph otoox idat io n occ urrcd a t :1 d C' pt h of l Oll bene'at h the s u rface .

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This follows because the formation of a -allylic or related complex would involve the breaking of an allylic C-H (C-D) bond.25 A study of the solvolytic behavior of some and -allylic palladium(II) complexes derived from cyclohexene has suggested7 that the latter are plausible intermediates in allylic oxidation,11•26 and are, therefore, suitable representations of the symmetrical species required by the present work. We suggest that, with our oxidizing agents, cyclohexene reacts principally via a monomeric -allylic27 or "switching" -allylic palladium complex28 which is solvolyzed to allylic acetate. Under our conditions oxypalladation is a competing, less important, reaction leading mainly if not exclusively to homoallylic acetate. Regarding this latter pathway, structures 9 and 10 for the homoallylic acetate are consistent with either mechanism I (eq 3) Mechanism I D.

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