O Novo Código Florestal (NCF), Lei Federal 12.651/2012, alterou as definições para Áreas de Proteção Permanente (APP) localizadas nos topos de morro, o que reduziu drasticamente a área legalmente amparada para tal categoria de proteção. Nesse sentido, buscou-se compreender como o uso e a cobertura do solo podem alterar o regime hidrológico, utilizando-se de cenários e simulações de um modelo conceitual distribuído. Para tanto, mapearam-se as APP de topo de morro de acordo com a definição revogada e lei vigente, utilizando-se a metodologia do Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE) invertido. Tal mapeamento embasou a elaboração de quatro cenários de Uso e Cobertura do Solo (UCS) na bacia, com diferentes percentuais de cobertura florestal. Para a simulação hidrológica utilizou-se o Modelo de Grandes Bacias do Instituto de Pesquisas Hidráulicas (MGB-IPH), o qual foi ajustado para as condições atuais de UCS e, posteriormente, simulou-se o comportamento hidrológico mediante os diferentes cenários. De acordo com o mapeamento realizado, a redução das APP de topo de morro para a bacia do rio Sapucaí é superior a 99% com a aplicação do código vigente. Não se verificou diferenças no comportamento hidrológico da bacia considerando as condições de UCS atual e os três cenários baseados na cobertura das APP. No terceiro e quarto cenário verificou-se o aumento das vazões médias que coincide com o aumento da cobertura florestal. Destaca-se que esse aumento resultou da maior quantidade de água no solo, uma vez que o escoamento superficial foi reduzido com o aumento da cobertura florestal na sub-bacia.Palavras-chave: Simulação hidrológica, legislação ambiental, regime hidrológico Application of the MGB-IPH Hydrological Model for Simulating Land Use Scenarios in the Sapucaí River Basin (MG)A B S T R A C TThe New Forest Code (NFC), Federal Law 12.651/ 2012, changed the definitions for Permanent Protection Areas (PPA) located on the hilltops. The resolutions drastically reduced the area legally protected by this category of protection. In this sense, we sought to understand how the land use and land cover (LULC) can alter the hydrological regime, using scenarios and simulations of a distributed conceptual model. For that, the top of hill PPAs were mapped according to the revoked definition and current law, using the inverted Digital Elevation Model (DEM) methodology. Such mapping supported the development of four hypothetical LULC scenarios in the basin, with different percentages of forest cover. For the hydrological simulation, the Large Basin Model of the Institute of Hydraulic Research (MGB-IPH) was used and was adjusted to the current conditions of LULC and later, the hydrological behavior was simulated under the different scenarios. According to the mapping carried out, the reduction of PPAs at the top of the hill for the Sapucaí River basin is greater than 99% with the application of the current code. There were no significant differences in the hydrological behavior of the basin considering the current LULC conditions and the three scenarios based on PPA coverage. In the third and fourth scenarios, there was an increase in average flows that coincides with the increase in forest cover. It is noteworthy that this increase is the greater amount of water in the soil, once the runoff was reduced with the increase of the forest cover in the sub-basin.Keywords: Hydrological simulation, environmental legislation, hydrological regime
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