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A mylases are very important and have a wide range of applications. Semi-solid state fermentation is increasingly used for the production of enzymes, since it requires simple technology and costs are low. In this regard, it is worth emphasizing the importance of rice as a substrate, due to its readily availability and low cost. This study evaluated the ability of the fungus Cylindrocladium sp. to produce α-amylase and amy loglucosidase. The studies were carried out with the fungus strain Cylindrocladium sp. with a rice-based substrate. The material was kept in an oven at 28 °C for 96 hours and measured every 24 hours. Fo r the quantification of amy loglucosidase enzymes, the DNS reagent method was adopted. The α-amylase activity was determined by measuring the concentration of starch using iodine dosage. Analysis of the data obtained in this study showed that the fungus Cylindrocladium sp. produces α-amylase and amyloglucosidase enzymes; peak production for α-amy lase was at 72 hours with 245.02 U/g, and at 92 hours for amy loglucosidase with 73.58 U/g. Through the interpretation of these results it was possible to conclude that the fungus Cylindrocladium sp. produces relevant values of the enzy mes α-amylase and amy loglucosidase.

A qualidade sanitária das sementes merece atenção, considerando os reflexos negativos que a associação de patógenos em sementes pode gerar. Este estudo objetivou detectar, quantificar e identificar bactérias fitopatogênicas em sementes de trigo. A incidência foi avaliada utilizando as sementes diretamente dispostas sobre os meios de cultura 523, WBC e XTS. Dez diferentes métodos de quantificação foram testados, utilizando 100, 500, 1000 e 3000 sementes com e sem incubação; 3000 sementes com centrifugação e 3000 trituradas. Através do meio 523 não foi possível avaliar a incidência devido a presença de contaminantes. Utilizando o meio WBC obtiveram-se incidências de 92, 82 e 78 % para os cultivares Quartzo, Marfin e BRS 331 respectivamente e com o meio XTS 68% de incidência na cultivar BRS 331. Os resultados permitiram observar que o melhor método para quantificação de bactérias em sementes de trigo foi a utilização de 3000 sementes com incubação, com trituração e com centrifugação. Os resultados das avaliações como morfologia colonial, testes bioquímicos e fisiológicos permitem concluir que as bactérias isoladas pertencem às espécies Xanthomonas translucens e Pseudomonas fuscovagine, sendo que, alguns desses isolados a identificação só foi possível ao nível de gênero sendo identificados como Xanthomonas e Pseudomonas.Palavras-chave: bacteriose; patogenicidade; patologia de sementes; triticum aestivum. DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION OF PHYTOPATHOGENIC BACTERIA IN WHEAT SEED ABSTRACT: The sanitary quality of seeds deserves attention, considering the negative impact that the association of pathogens in seeds can generate. This study aimed detects, quantify and identify phytopathogenic bacteria gifts in wheat seeds. The incidence of bacteria was evaluated using the seeds directly arranged on the culture medium 523, WBC and XTS. Ten different methods of quantification of pathogenic bacteria were tested with 100, 500, 1000 and 3000 seeds with and without incubation; 3000 seeds with crushed and 3000 with centrifugation. Across the middle 523 was not possible to assess the impact due to the presence of contaminants. Using the WBC light yielded incidences of 92, 82 and 78 % for Quartzo, Marfim and BRS 331cultivars respectively. With the environment XTS 68 % incidence BRS 331. Results showed that the best method for quantification of bacteria in wheat seeds was to use incubation with 3000 seeds with milling and centrifuging. The isolates were identified by colony morphology, biochemical and physiological tests showed that the isolated bacteria belonging to the species Pseudomonas fuscovaginae and Xanthomonas translucens and genera Pseudomonas and Xanthomonas.Keywords: bacterial; pathogenicity; seed pathology; triticum aestivum.

Phenolic co mpounds fall within the waste resulting fro m the biodegradation of natural and anthropogenic, are found in soil and water, but despite being widely distributed in nature are part of the main pollutants toxic waste discarded by a wide variety of industries such as textiles, petroleum refining, pulp and paper, pharmaceuticals, coating metals, wood preservatives, dyes, plastics and resins, coal conversion, and are components of many biocides. In order to remedy the impacts of these compounds, seven endophytic fungal species isolated from Baccharis dracunculifolia D. C. (Asteraceae) were studied to determine their ability to produce phenoloxidases capable of degrading phenolic compounds. The fungi were inoculated in media containing different concentrations of gallic acid, incubated at 28℃ and mon itored every 48 h. En zy me production was assessed through the observation of an amber-co lored halo, which is characteristic of the Bavendamm's reaction. On ly Fusarium sp. strain D3-FB and Cercospora sp. strain D7-FB showed degradation halos at all concentrations. Although developed in the same med ia, the other species showed no signs of the Bavendamm's reaction.