The capability of environmental microorganisms to biodegrade simazine—an active substance of 2-chloro-s-triazine herbicides (pesticide waste since 2007)—was assessed. An enormous metabolic potential of microorganisms impels to explore the possibilities of using them as an alternative way for thermal and chemical methods of utilization. First, the biotope rich in microorganisms resistant to simazine was examined. Only the higher dose of simazine (100 mg/l) had an actual influence on quantity of bacteria and environmental fungi incubated on substrate with simazine. Most simazine-resistant bacteria populated activated sludge and biohumus (vermicompost); the biggest strain of resistant fungi was found in floral soil and risosphere soil of maize. Compost and biohumus were the sources of microorganisms which biodegraded simazine, though either of them was the dominant considering the quantity of simazine-resistant microorganisms. In both cases of periodic culture (microorganisms from biohumus and compost), nearly 100% of simazine (50 mg/l) was degraded (within 8 days). After the repeated enrichment culture with simazine, the rate of its degradation highly accelerated, and just after 24 h, the significant decrease of simazine (20% in compost and 80% in biohumus) was noted. Although a dozen attempts of isolating various strains responsible for biodegradation of simazine from compost and biohumus were performed, only the strain identified as Arthrobacter urefaciens (NC) was obtained, and it biodegraded simazine with almost 100% efficiency (within 4 days).
In more than a half of the patients, the acceptance of illness decreases after surgery and is at an average level. Male patients, patients aged 50-69 years, with primary, middle or vocational education, employed persons show a significantly worse illness acceptance, regardless of their place of residence, and occupational activity do not influence the acceptance of the disease.
Bilans bilansowi nierówny, czyli MSSF a US GAAP na przykładzie sektora paliwowego
WprowadzenieSprawozdania finansowe podmiotów gospodarczych mają istotne znaczenie nie tylko dla zarządzających nimi kadr kierowniczych, ale także dla wszystkich odbiorców informacji finansowej. Sprawozdania ilustrują efekty działalności jednostki, a także są podstawą do analizy i oceny jej sytuacji dla inwestorów, którzy rozważają możliwość ulokowania kapitału w danej spółce. Najlepszym rozwiązaniem dla inwestorów lokujących zasoby pieniężne w podmiotach gospodarczych na całym świecie, a także dla między-narodowych korporacji, byłaby sytuacja, w której stan i wyniki finansowe w różnych krajach byłyby oparte na tych samych koncepcjach i -co za tym idzie -były porównywalne. Oczywistym jest także, że we współcze-snej, bardzo zglobalizowanej gospodarce idealnym rozwiązaniem byłby jeden, ogólnie przyjęty i akceptowany na całym świecie zestaw standardów rachunkowości
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