The footwear industry in Indonesia is considered important as it is one of the largest contributors to employment and income for the country. Besides the formal manufacturers, the sector also comprises informal or home-based ones. More than 50% of this home-based footwear industry in Indonesia is located in Cibaduyut, Bandung. The main issues related to it are the lack of awareness of the risks embeded in the work environment, and the safety and ergonomics of the employees. Therefore, research was conducted to evaluate these aspects in order to ensure the future sustainability of the industry. Three questionnaires were employed for the study, the Participatory Action Training for the Informal Sector (PATRIS) questionnaire, the Nordic Safety Climate Questionnaire (NOSACQ-50) and the Employee Perceptions of Participatory Ergonomics Questionnaire (EPPEQ), in order to evaluate safety and ergonomic practice related to current activities, based on four representative shoe workshop samples. The ILO-PATRIS checklist shows that the four shoe workshops require improvements in both their facilities and working environments (p < 0.01). The NOSACQ-50 analysis shows that the safety climate levels of employees were 84% low and 16% moderate, while those of owners were 27% low and 73% moderate. This shows a significant difference between the safety climates of employees and owners (p < 0.05), with a strong relationship (r = 0.88). The ergonomic analysis of employee participation based on EPPEQ shows that all workers displayed acceptable levels. However, linear regression analysis shows that ergonomic activity has no significant relationship with facilities, work environment or work safety climate (p > 0.05). ILO-PATRIS complements NOSACQ-50 in measuring the safety climate of small and medium sized enterprises, especially home-based shoe workshops. Overall, the four shoe workshops need to improve their working environment, work facilities, safety climate and participatory ergonomics of the employees.

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Safety climate refers to an individual's perception of safety in the workplace, which is essential in the labor-intensive industries, one of which is the footwear industry. References about the implementation of safety climate measurements are still lacking. This study focuses on the safety climate amongst management and employees, the correlation between climates and safety performance, along with the employees' perspective in safety management in a footwear company in Bandung. Indonesian translations of Nordic Occupational Safety Climate Questionnaire responses from 163 employees and ten supervisors (managers) were verified by observations of workplace conditions coupled with informal discussions with the supervisors. Findings show that safety perception of the managers is similar to the employees. From the observations of the workplace conditions and discussions with the members of the industry, the managers' responses reflected the espoused policies. Meaning, there is an indication of misalignment between the espoused policies and enacted practices. Several managerial implications are suggested to develop a better safety climate.

ISO 31000 has become essential for the practical implication of risk engineering to industry in Indonesia. The National Standardization Body has decided to make ISO 31000 the National standard for the principle and guidance of risk engineering in industry. Meanwhile, the reference for implementating ISO 31000 is very limited, especially in the footwear industry which has significant volume in Indonesian industry. This article gives a description of the implementation and impact of ISO 31000 with respect to a company's risk engineering strategy on the production floor in the footwear industry. The implementation of risk engineering begins with establishing a context to determine any analysis consideration. The next step is the execution of the risk engineering process, which consists of four major steps: risk identification, risk analysis, risk evaluation and risk treatment. Some techniques used in the risk engineering process are semi-structured interview, root cause analysis, consequence/probability matrix, and cost benefit analysis. Fourty five risks are identified from the company studied. From the risk evaluation, 14 risks are identified as risks that require special treatments. Those risks shall become the priority of management. The process of risk engineering discovered risk in safety. Therefore, safety engineering was implemented to improve the system.

Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSME) are striving to maximize profits through cost’s reduction while maintaining their product qualities and their customer’s satisfaction. ANDALAS is an MSME producing cakes and breads that intuitively purchase its raw material which results in a relatively high purchase cost.  We propose a contract-based system using a linear programming approach to manage the purchasing activities of main ingredients. A mathematical model is proposed supporting the purchasing decisions which includes constraints such as: minimum purchase, safety stock, warehouse capacity, and demand’s requirements. The resulting model provides an improvement of 6,30% reduction in purchase costs. The improvement for each ingredient ranges from 4% to 16% where Eggs, Flour, Maizena, Margarine, Butter and Sugar are contractually ordered from one main supplier.