No abstract

Characteristics of road infrastructure affect the level of road safety significantly. Therefore, the process of designing such infrastructure gains special importance. A general concept of improving road infrastructure designs has been formulated based on the analysis of causes of their low quality. The concept includes the following types of measures: educational, procedural, publishing, informative, and legal to be taken by central government authorities. Educational actions are to involve primarily the systematic training for all persons involved in the designing process. Moreover, the introduction of road safety procedures has been proposed for all road infrastructure designs as well as the preparation of study documentation, a new 'Design Consultation Card', consulting geometric solutions, and the procedures that should improve the quality of ToRs. Activities within publishing are to focus on preparing and publishing design-related studies. Informative actions include the establishment of a voivodeship road safety database including, among other, design norms and regulations, design standards, catalogues of good and bad practices, manuals, scripts, training materials, examples of ToR, and auxiliary designing materials. The last group of activities requires national regulations.

An attempt to identify key factors impacting trip generation in different size cities is presented in this paper. Mobility is the fundamental factor in transport demand models, both for the present state and those for forecast scenarios. Moreover, research on inhabitants' mobility plays an important role in the process of urban and rural traffic modelling. It comes from the fact, regular transport surveys make it easier to determine factors impacting the number of trips taken by inhabitants in any selected study area, and to determine trends in these factors. Presentation of example results of mobility rate based on transportation surveys taken in various areas of Poland is the main goal of this paper. Results of analyses of selected macro-economic factors in transportation systems shaping are presented either. The trends in the number of inhabitants and their age composition, and motorization rates are those factors. They impact mobility ratios in the study area. Values of mobility ratio were developed based on the results of surveys which have been done in Poland till now, and on the authors' research. Mathematical regression models in estimating mobility ratio versus the selected independent factors are the results of this research either.