Les choix scolaires dits « alternatifs » se développent en France depuis quelques années. Nous nous intéressons dans cet article à l’influence des réseaux en ligne sur ces choix. L’article s’appuie sur le croisement de données variées ayant permis le recueil du discours de parents au sujet des choix scolaires alternatifs : prises de parole lors d’événements publics, entretiens biographiques, conversations informelles, questionnaires en ligne, observation de forums en ligne. Les réseaux en ligne constituent une vitrine des possibles éducatifs, et permettent le développement de réseaux affinitaires de parents. Les parents accèdent ainsi à des informations qui ne sont pas disponibles au sein de leur entourage proche, les réseaux en ligne relayant les témoignages d’usagers, mais aussi des informations sélectionnées et filtrées par des pairs afin de coller au plus près à leurs besoins pour procéder au choix scolaire. Sans minimiser les prédispositions des parents interrogés, nous concluons à un renforcement et à une confirmation des orientations éducatives par l’usage de ces réseaux.
In recent years, French parents have increasingly chosen to homeschool their children or to send them to ‘alternative’ independent schools. French President Emmanuel Macron, in reaction to this trend, announced on October 2, 2020, his desire to restrict homeschooling to instances when ‘health imperatives’ necessitate this option and, further, to reinforce state control of independent schools. A bill to this effect passed on July 23, 2021, survived a challenge before the Constitutional Court, and became the law of the land one month later on August 24,.2021. The research for this paper was completed before the law took effect. Its aim was to understand the relationship between the State and those families who have made alternate schooling choices; that is, to explore the potential effects of implementing the new school policy. I relied on governmental data and, to capture how school policies were perceived by families, data collected in France that included interviews with parents, answers to an online survey, and one interview with a civil servant at the Ministry of National Education. The results of the research reveal that the dynamics that operate between ‘independent schooling’ families and the State have the markings of a power relationship that pits State authority against parents who tend to have low confidence in public schools and may identify with a counterculture. Finally, this recent legislation suggests that the French education system is moving from an educational model of ‘inclusion through control’ for children learning outside of public schools (Farges et al., 2018) to a model of exclusion through coercion.
En France, certains parents font le choix de ne pas envoyer leurs enfants à l'école. Ils décident de donner eux-mêmes une instruction à leurs enfants, à rebours des apprentissages programmatiques de l'Éducation nationale. Cette contribution analyse leurs représentations du monde de l'enfance et interroge le rôle qu'ils s'octroient en tant que parent. Elle apporte un éclairage particulier sur la remise en cause du partenariat parents-école par la prise en compte des valeurs et croyances dans les choix de non-scolarisation.Mots-clés : non-scolarisation ; forme scolaire ; apprentissages libres ; styles éducatifs ; éducation.[Abstract] In France, some parents make the choice to not send their children to school. Instead, they decide to teach their children themselves, rather than following the programmatic methods of the French Minister of National Education. This article focuses on their depiction of the world of childhood and unpacks the role they assign themselves as parents. It gives a special focus on the challenging partnership between parents and school, taking into account values and beliefs in unschooling choices.
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