BackgroundDespite advancements in stroke treatment, refractory clots are relatively common, prompting the exploration of alternative techniques. Bifurcation occlusions pose specific intraprocedural challenges, occasionally dealt with by two stentrievers deployed in Y-configuration. Previous studies have portrayed this strategy as feasible, yet little is known about its safety and efficacy, and how to best select retrievers.ObjectiveTo determine whether device selection influences the efficacy and safety of Y-stentrieving.MethodsWe performed a multicentric, retrospective analysis of patients undergoing Y-stentrieving rescue for bifurcation occlusions. Demographics, devices, procedural metrics, neurological severity, reperfusion, disability, and safety were assessed.ResultsY-configuration stents were used as a rescue maneuver after 2.16±1.5 failed attempts with other techniques in 20 patients. Successful reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score 2b–3) was achieved in 70% of patients after the first Y-stentrieving attempt. The first stentriever more often had a larger diameter (5.15±0.92 vs 3.67±0.57 mm, p=0.017) and longer length (33.12±5.78 vs 20.67±1.15 mm, p=0.002) in successfully reperfused cases. Also, the diameter of the first device was associated with both any parenchymal (6.0 vs 4.71±0.99 mm, p=0.045) and symptomatic (6.0 vs 4.86±1.02 mm, p<0.001) hemorrhages. Exact logistic regression demonstrated that a longer length first stentriever independently predicted better angiographic outcomes (OR=1.26, p=0.036), and a 6 mm diameter first stentriever independently predicted more intracranial hemorrhages (OR=15.28, p=0.044). No periprocedural mortality was recorded.ConclusionY-stentrieving is an effective and safe bail-out strategy for refractory bifurcation clots. Longer stents may promote better angiographic outcomes, whereas avoidance of disproportionately large retrievers may mitigate intracranial hemorrhage. Future studies should account for these factors when evaluating alternative stentriever techniques.
RESUMO -Fístulas espontâneas da artéria vertebral são raras malformações arteriovenosas entre a artéria vertebral e um vaso circunvizinho. Relatamos um caso de fístula arteriovenosa, não traumática, em uma criança de 9 anos de idade, submetida a tratamento por via endovascular. Sob anestesia geral e controle fluoroscópico, empregou-se a técnica endovascular para posicionar um balão destacável de látex, dessa forma ocluindo totalmente o trajeto fistuloso. Resolução clínica e angiográfica foi obtida, e não houve complicações relacionadas com o procedimento de embolização. O resultado observado comprova que a embolização especialmente oclusão com balões descartáveis, tornou-se o tratamento padrão para esta enfermidade.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: embolização endovascular com balão, fístula arteriovenosa, artéria vertebral, oclusão endoarterial.Endovascular treatment of spontaneous vertebral arteriovenous fistula in children: case report Endovascular treatment of spontaneous vertebral arteriovenous fistula in children: case report Endovascular treatment of spontaneous vertebral arteriovenous fistula in children: case report Endovascular treatment of spontaneous vertebral arteriovenous fistula in children: case report Endovascular treatment of spontaneous vertebral arteriovenous fistula in children: case report ABSTRACT -Spontaneous cervical artery fistulas are rare arteriovenous malformations between the artery and veins of the neighborhood. We report a case of non traumatic vertebral arteriovenous fistula in a girl, aged 9 years, treated by endovascular approach. Under general anesteshia and with fluoroscopic guidance, using a endovascular technique, latex detachable balloons were used to successfully occlude the fistula. Complete clinical and angiographic recovery was achieved and no complications related to the embolization procedure occurred. The result obtained in this case corroborates that endovascular techniques, especially balloon occlusion embolization, has become the standard treatment for this vascular disorder.KEY WORDS: endovascular, balloon embolization, arteriovenous fistula, vertebral artery, endoarterial occlusion.Fístulas arteriovenosas envolvendo a artéria vertebral são lesões raras 1,2 , definidas pela presença de uma comunicação anormal entre a artéria vertebral extracraniana ou um de seus ramos e um vaso circunvizinho 3 . Quanto à etiologia, as fístulas arteriovenosas vertebrais dividem-se em traumáticas e espontâneas 1-3 . Fístulas espontâneas são congênitas, mesmo não tendo comprovação de sua existência ao nascimento 2 . Associam-se, muitas vezes, a displasia fibromuscular 2 , neurofibromatose 4,5 , ou síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos, e requerem um mínimo evento para se manifestar, como um pequeno trauma ou mesmo um espirro 6 . Fístulas traumáticas são associadas a lesões traumáticas do pescoço, usualmente por faca ou projétil 7,8 . Causas iatrogênicas incluem inadvertida punção vertebral, após punção da veia jugular para acesso venoso 9 , ou após punção direta da arté-ria carótida para realização de angiograf...
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