The scientific literature does not have a consensus about the role and method of postoperative immobilization after occipitocervical fusion in the pediatric population. The primary goal of this study is to review the medical literature and evaluate different immobilization methods and their impact on fusion, following the surgical management of craniocervical instability in children. It started with an extensive research of randomized controlled trials, series of cases and case reports, describing occipitocervical junction pathologies, clinical, epidemiological characteristics, and treatment. The search was performed using the Pubmed database evaluating all the literature involving postoperative immobilization after occipitocervical fusion in pediatric patients. The results showed that most cases of occipitocervical stabilization were due to congenital spinal instability followed by trauma in most series. The most common type of surgery performed was occipitocervical fusion using screw and rod constructs. The different methods of postoperative immobilization did not affect outcomes. Then, we can conclude that screw-and-rod constructions in occipitocervical fusion augment the rates of fusion, independently from which immobilization was used, even when none was used at all.
RESUMO -A incidência de clipagem de aneurismas em que permanecem restos da dilatação varia, nas séries estudadas, de 1-10%. Deste percentual, 21,8% é devido à migração do clipe. D´Angelo e seus colaboradores (1998), encontraram 1 a 10% de aneurismas residuais. Sugerem que quando o resíduo for menor que 2 mm seja realizado estudo angiográfico entre 3-5 anos após o procedimento cirúrgico; se entre 2 e 4 mm, este estudo deve ser mais precoce, dentro dos primeiros 6 meses e depois anualmente; e, quando maior que 4 mm, a reabordagem. Apresentamos os casos de duas pacientes submetidas a tratamento cirúrgico de aneurismas intracranianos, com intra-operatório sem intercorrências e que, em exames ulteriores, evidenciaram migração do clipe de sua posição original. É apresentada, ainda, revisão da literatura.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: aneurisma, complicações, "slipped clip".Slipped clip: report of two cases Slipped clip: report of two cases Slipped clip: report of two cases Slipped clip: report of two cases Slipped clip: report of two cases ABSTRACT -Aneurysm rest occurs in 1 to 10% of operated patients and of these, 21.8% are due to slipped clips. D´Angelo and coworker (1998) found 1 to 10% of residual aneurysms. They suggest that if the residual aneurysm has less than 2 mm, angiographic control must be performed after 3-5 years of the surgical procedure; if between 2 and 4 mm, the angiographic control must be done in the first 6 months after surgery and then, anually. If it has more than 4mm a direct surgical approach is advised. We present the cases of two female patients submitted to microsurgical treatment of intracranial aneurysm, without any intra-operative abnormal event. The angiographic study further made showed displacement of the clip from its original position and aneurysm again. A review of the literature is also presented.
Introdução: As metástases cerebrais formam o grupo de neoplasias mais freqüente do sistema nervoso central, e cerca de 40% dos pacientes com câncer desenvolvem metástases cerebrais. Pacientes com metástases únicas ou cujo quadro neurológico pode ser atribuído à lesão se beneficiam do tratamento cirúrgico. A evolução e o tratamento desta doença ainda permanecem controversos. Objetivos: Descrever as características clínicas e epidemiológicas dos pacientes com metástases cerebrais ressecadas no período de 2002 a 2003 no Hospital São Paulo. Métodos: Trabalho retrospectivo, descritivo, analítico, com coleta de dados baseada em revisão de prontuários de pacientes submetidos a ressecção cirúrgica de neoplasia secundária cerebral. Buscou-se a caracterização da população de estudo. Resultados: 30 pacientes foram avaliados (16 do sexo feminino). A média das idades dos pacientes foi de 52,9 ± 11,7 anos. As metástases de pulmão e mama compreenderam a maioria dos tumores operados. Houve desde então 12 óbitos registrados até a coleta de dados, com média de sobrevida pós-operatória de 72,92 dias, sendo o pior prognóstico relacionado às metástases de melanoma. Conclusão: As metástases cerebrais constituem ainda um grupo de doenças com prognóstico reservado, acometendo adultos economicamente ativos. Os pacientes com metástases de tumores de mama apresentaram tendência a maior sobrevida. A comparação de dados de diferentes centros é essencial para estabelecer a melhor conduta no tratamento destes casos.
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