Background Previous studies have shown a high prevalence of malocclusion in people with Down syndrome (DS) compared to individuals without DS, but no systematic review to summarize the evidence on this topic has been performed thus far. Aim To evaluate whether children/adolescents with DS are more affected by malocclusion than those without DS. Design A search was performed in seven electronic databases. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. The strength of the evidence from the selected studies was evaluated by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. Results Eleven publications were included in the systematic review and eight were meta‐analysed. The meta‐analysis showed that malocclusion was more prevalent in children/adolescents with DS for Angle Class III (risk difference [RD] = 0.40; confidence interval [CI] = 0.33, 0.46), posterior crossbite (risk ratio [RR] = 3.09; CI = 2.02, 4.73), anterior crossbite (RR = 2.18; CI = 1.41, 3.39), and anterior open bite (RD = 0.21; CI = 0.06, 0.36). Conclusion The occurrence of malocclusion was higher in children/adolescents with DS compared to individuals without the syndrome. The strength of the evidence of the studies analysed, however, was considered moderate and low.

This letter addresses the challenges for the dental radiology clinic in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. It highlights the use of teleradiography and mobile devices, as well as the proper care in disinfecting these equipments. As there are still no specific therapies for COVID-19, biosafety measures that promote containment and prevent the spread of the virus are crucial to stop the outbreak and control a possible new infectious peak.

Resumo Introdução Devido às suas propriedades biológicas e físico-químicas, o MTA tem sido indicado para diferentes situações clínicas na Endodontia. Objetivo O objetivo foi analisar a composição química dos cimentos MTA Angelus branco, cinza, e Repair HP. Material e método Foram confeccionados cinco corpos de prova de cada tipo de cimento estudado, com diâmetro de 4 mm e altura de 1 mm, utilizando fita condutora de carbono dupla face. Em seguida, as amostras foram analisadas com auxílio de um microscópio eletrônico de varredura acoplado ao aparelho de espectrometria de energia dispersiva. Posteriormente, foram submetidos ao teste estatístico Kolmogorov-Smirnov para verificar a normalidade. Os elementos químicos que apresentaram distribuição normal (média de 5%) foram submetidos ao teste ANOVA e o teste Kruskal-Wallis foi aplicado naqueles com distribuição assimétrica. Resultado Após a análise dos elementos químicos, foram observados para o MTA branco: O, Na, K, Mg, Al, Si, Ca e Bi; para o MTA cinza: O, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Bi, Fe e S, e para o Repair HP: O, Al, Mg, Si, Ca, Fe, Sr, C, Rb e W. Foram identificados 14 elementos químicos nas amostras analisadas (O, Na, Al, Mg, Si, S, K, Ca, Fe, Sr, Bi, C, Rb e W). Destes, cinco foram encontrados em todos os cimentos estudados: O, Al, Mg, Si e Ca. Conclusão Os elementos Rb, W e C foram encontrados somente na nova formulação de MTA da Angelus, o Repair HP. Nas amostras analisadas, o Ca e o O foram os que se apresentaram em maior quantidade.

Objectives: To evaluate, in an in vitro study, the quantity of artefacts generated by two different restorative materials, and to determine the diagnostic accuracy of cone beam CT (CBCT) scans and periapical radiographs in identifying gaps in prosthetic crowns. Methods: A total of 30 teeth restored with metal-ceramic (n = 15) and all-ceramic (n = 15) crowns, properly adapted and with 0.30- and 0.50 mm gaps, underwent CBCT exams (with voxel sizes of 0.25 and 0.30 mm) and periapical radiographs. The artefacts generated by two different crowns were quantified and compared by the Mann–Whitney test. In addition, five examiners evaluated the presence or absence of gaps in periapical radiographs and CBCT images. The accuracy of tests was determined by the area under the receiver operatring characteristic curve and these values were compared by using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Results: There was no significant difference in artefact values between the different restorative materials and the different resolutions of CBCT images. Regarding the accuracy of the tests evaluated, periapical radiography and CBCT with voxel size 0.25 mm showed the best performance for smaller gaps (0.30 mm). For larger gaps (0.50 mm), all exams tested showed the same performance. Conclusions: Periapical radiography was still the most cost-beneficial method for the diagnosis of maladaptation in dental restorations. CBCT exams did not improve accuracy in detecting gaps in prosthetic crowns.

Objective To analyze the challenges and impacts of COVID-19 on the routine of Brazilian oral radiologists regarding changes in biosafety protocols, number of patients and staff, the flow of acquisition, and availability of images. Methods Structured digital questionnaires with questions related to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on Oral Radiology were applied and analyzed. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to describe the items included in the survey, and means and standard deviations were calculated to describe continuous variables and frequency percentages to describe categorical data. Results A high number of Brazilian oral radiologists continued to work in the pandemic period, with little or no change in their working hours. Digital flow and teleradiology are in most of their workplaces and the changes imposed by the pandemic will be incorporated and permanent, according to most of the participants in this study. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic brought important impacts on radiology clinics, with changes in the flow of patients, in the service and in the type of exam performed. In addition, adaptation to biosafety standards became necessary, with a significant increase in spending on personal protective equipment.