Background Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common nocosomial infection in intensive care unit (ICU). Local microbiological surveillance of pathogens and resistance patterns for early-onset VAP (EOVAP) and late-onset VAP (LOVAP) will help to choose appropriate empiric antibiotics. Objective To compare the multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens, treatment outcomes, and factors associated with hospital mortality of VAP. Method A cross-sectional study between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2017 at Srinagarind hospital, Khon Kaen University was conducted. The demographic data, causative pathogens, hospital length of stay (LOS), ICU LOS, mechanical ventilator (MV) days, and hospital mortality were retrospectively reviewed. Results One hundred and ninety patients were enrolled; 42 patients (22%) were EOVAP and 148 patients (78%) were LOVAP. Acinetobacter baumannii was the most common pathogen in both groups (50% EOVAP vs 52.7% LOVAP). MDR pathogens were significant greater in LOVAP (81.8%) than EOVAP (61.9%) (p = 0.007). The EOVAP had a significantly better ICU LOS [median (interquartile range, IQR) 20.0 (11.0, 30.0) vs. 26.5 (17.0, 43.0) days], hospital LOS [median (IQR) 26.5 (15.0, 44.0) vs. 35.5 (24.0, 56.0) days] shorter MV days [median (IQR) 14.0 (10.0, 29.0) vs. 23.0 (14.0, 35.5) days] and lower hospital mortality (16.7% vs 35.1%) than LOVAP (p < 0.05). The factor associated with hospital mortality was having simplified acute physiology (SAP) II score ≥ 40 with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 2.22 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08–4.54, p = 0.02]. Conclusion LOVAP had significantly higher MDR pathogens, MV days, ICU LOS, hospital LOS and hospital mortality than EOVAP. A broad-spectrum antibiotic to cover MDR pathogens should be considered in LOVAP. The factor associated with hospital mortality of VAP was a SAPII score ≥ 40.

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common nocosomial infection in intensive care unit (ICU). Local microbiological surveillance of pathogens and resistance patterns for early-onset VAP (EOVAP) and late-onset VAP (LOVAP) will help to choose appropriate empiric antibiotics. Objective: To compare the multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens, treatment outcomes, and factors associated with hospital mortality of VAP. Method: A cross-sectional study between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2017 at Srinagarind hospital, Khon Kaen University was conducted. The demographic data, causative pathogens, hospital length of stay (LOS), ICU LOS, mechanical ventilator (MV) days, and hospital mortality were retrospectively reviewed. Results: One hundred and ninety patients were enrolled; 42 patients (22%) were EOVAP and 148 patients (78%) were LOVAP. Acinetobacter baumannii was the most common pathogen in both groups (50 % EOVAP vs 52.7% LOVAP). MDR pathogens were significant greater in LOVAP (81.8 %) than EOVAP (61.9%) (p = 0.007). The EOVAP had a significantly better ICU LOS (median (interquartile range, IQR) 20.0 (11.0, 30.0) vs. 26.5 (17.0, 43.0) days), hospital LOS (median (IQR) 26.5 (15.0, 44.0) vs. 35.5 (24.0, 56.0) days) shorter MV days (median (IQR) 14.0 (10.0, 29.0) vs. 23.0 (14.0, 35.5) days) and lower hospital mortality (16.7% VS 35.1%) than LOVAP (p < 0.05). The factor associated with hospital mortality was having simplified acute physiology (SAP) II score ≥ 40 with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 2.22 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08-4.54, p = 0.02). Conclusion: LOVAP had significantly higher MDR pathogens, MV days, ICU LOS, hospital LOS and hospital mortality than EOVAP. A broad-spectrum antibiotic to cover MDR pathogens should be considered in LOVAP. The factor associated with hospital mortality of VAP was a SAPII score ≥ 40.

Back ground: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) isacommon nocosomial infection inintensive care unit (ICU). Local microbiological surveillance of pathogens and resistance patternsfor early-onset VAP (EOVAP) and late-onset VAP (LOVAP)will help to choose appropriate empiric antibiotics.Objective: To comparethe multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens, treatment outcomes,and factors associated with hospital mortality of VAP. Method:A cross-sectional studybetween 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2017 at Srinagarind hospital, KhonKaen University was conducted. The demographic data, causative pathogens, hospital length of stay (LOS), ICU LOS, mechanical ventilator (MV) days, and hospital mortality were retrospectively reviewed.Results:One hundred and ninety patients were enrolled; 42 (22%) were EOVAP and 148 (78%) were LOVAP. Acinetobacterbaummanii was the most common pathogen in both groups (50 % EOVAP vs 52.7% LOVAP). MDR pathogens were significant greater in LOVAP (81.8 %) than EOVAP (61.9%) (p = 0.007). The EOVAP had a significantly better ICU LOS (median 20.0 (11.0, 30.0) vs. 26.5 (17.0, 43.0) days), hospital LOS (median 26.5 (15.0, 44.0) vs. 35.5 (24.0, 56.0) days) shorter MV days (14.0 (10.0, 29.0) vs. 23.0 (14.0, 35.5) days) and lowerhospital mortality (11.9 % VS 27.7%) than LOVAP ( p< 0.05). The factor associated with hospital mortality washavingsimplified acute physiology score (SAP)≥ 40 with an adjustedodds ratio(aOR) of 2.22 (95%CI, 1.08-4.54,p = 0.02). Conclusion: LOVAP had significantly higherMDR pathogens, MV days, ICU LOS, hospital LOS andhospital mortality than EOVAP. A broad-spectrum antibiotic to cover MDR pathogensshould be considered in LOVAP.The factor associated with hospital mortality of VAP was a SAPII score ≥ 40.

Back ground: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common nocosomial infection in intensive care unit (ICU). Local microbiological surveillance of pathogens and resistance patterns for early-onset VAP (EOVAP) and late-onset VAP (LOVAP) will help to choose appropriate empiric antibiotics. Objective: To compare the multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens, treatment outcomes, and factors associated with hospital mortality of VAP. Method: A cross-sectional study between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2017 at Srinagarind hospital, Khon Kaen University was conducted. The demographic data, causative pathogens, hospital length of stay (LOS), ICU LOS, mechanical ventilator (MV) days, and hospital mortality were retrospectively reviewed. Results: One hundred and ninety patients were enrolled; 42 (22%) were EOVAP and 148 (78%) were LOVAP. Acinetobacter baummanii was the most common pathogen in both groups (50 % EOVAP vs 52.7% LOVAP). MDR pathogens were significant greater in LOVAP (81.8 %) than EOVAP (61.9%) (p = 0.007). The EOVAP had a significantly better ICU LOS (median 20.0 (11.0, 30.0) vs. 26.5 (17.0, 43.0) days), hospital LOS (median 26.5 (15.0, 44.0) vs. 35.5 (24.0, 56.0) days) shorter MV days (14.0 (10.0, 29.0) vs. 23.0 (14.0, 35.5) days) and lower hospital mortality (11.9 % VS 27.7%) than LOVAP ( p < 0.05). The factor associated with hospital mortality was having simplified acute physiology score (SAP) ≥ 40 with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 2.22 (95%CI, 1.08-4.54, p = 0.02). Conclusion: LOVAP had significantly higher MDR pathogens, MV days, ICU LOS, hospital LOS and hospital mortality than EOVAP. A broad-spectrum antibiotic to cover MDR pathogens should be considered in LOVAP. The factor associated with hospital mortality of VAP was a SAPII score ≥ 40.

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common nocosomial infection in intensive care unit (ICU). Local microbiological surveillance of pathogens and resistance patterns for early-onset VAP (EOVAP) and late-onset VAP (LOVAP) will help to choose appropriate empiric antibiotics. Objective: To compare the multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens, treatment outcomes, and factors associated with hospital mortality of VAP. Method: A cross-sectional study between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2017 at Srinagarind hospital, Khon Kaen University was conducted. The demographic data, causative pathogens, hospital length of stay (LOS), ICU LOS, mechanical ventilator (MV) days, and hospital mortality were retrospectively reviewed. Results: One hundred and ninety patients were enrolled; 42 patients (22%) were EOVAP and 148 patients (78%) were LOVAP. Acinetobacter baumannii was the most common pathogen in both groups (50 % EOVAP vs 52.7% LOVAP). MDR pathogens were significant greater in LOVAP (81.8 %) than EOVAP (61.9%) (p = 0.007). The EOVAP had a significantly better ICU LOS (median (interquartile range, IQR) 20.0 (11.0, 30.0) vs. 26.5 (17.0, 43.0) days), hospital LOS (median (IQR) 26.5 (15.0, 44.0) vs. 35.5 (24.0, 56.0) days) shorter MV days (median (IQR) 14.0 (10.0, 29.0) vs. 23.0 (14.0, 35.5) days) and lower hospital mortality (16.7% VS 35.1%) than LOVAP (p < 0.05). The factor associated with hospital mortality was having simplified acute physiology (SAP) II score ≥ 40 with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 2.22 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08-4.54, p = 0.02). Conclusion: LOVAP had significantly higher MDR pathogens, MV days, ICU LOS, hospital LOS and hospital mortality than EOVAP. A broad-spectrum antibiotic to cover MDR pathogens should be considered in LOVAP. The factor associated with hospital mortality of VAP was a SAPII score ≥ 40.