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The purpose of the article is to identify the features of the socio- economic development of the regions of the Volga Federal District, to determine the degree of adequacy and the boundaries of application of the possibilities of sociology and statistics to study the processes of regional differentiation, adequate to the state of modern Russian society and taking into account the mutual influence of crisis processes within it. According to the substantiated opinion of the authors of the article, significant changes in the socio- economic situation are accompanied by a process of deepening economic disproportions, both between federal districts, subjects within the federal districts, and within the subjects themselves, which are continuously reproduced in the conditions of modern Russia. It seems convincing to conclude that the state, weakening its regulatory function, follows the lead of big business, for which the territory of the region is only a place for profi t. The authors substantiate the conclusion that it is necessary to overcome common approaches to the problem of regional inequalities, which have shown their insolvency in recent years, and defend the assessment of the region as the result of multidimensional identification, one of the foundations of which is the scale of interregional differences and disproportions. The article substantiates the conclusion that in the system “federal center — regions” there are imbalances due to the different representation of the interests of subjects at the federal level. According to the authors, the study of the processes of interregional differentiation is most productive in regions in which there are significant gaps in the main indicators of socio-economic development, which allows the authors to solve the problem of identifying imbalances in the socio-economic development of the subjects of the Volga Federal District, describing and analyzing their specifics on the basis of federal and regional statistics, as well as the results obtained in the course of sociological research of the FCTAS RAS and the Volga Region branch of FCTAS RAS.

The article discusses the key problems of the social infrastructure of small towns in the Nizhny Novgorod region. It is noted that a natural consequence of the processes taking place in recent years in small towns of the Nizhny Novgorod region is the preservation of social infrastructure, in which stagnant phenomena persist and often increase. According to the authors, the presence of significant imbalances in the degrading social infrastructure of small towns affects, first of all, the health and education infrastructures that are critically important for small towns. The authors of the article substantiate the conclusion that an important condition for the preservation and development of small towns can be a purposeful process of minimizing and in the future eliminating negative trends characteristic of both a large city and a rural settlement.

УСТИНКИН Сергей Васильевич -доктор исторических наук, профессор, декан факультета международных отношений, экономики и управления, профессор кафедры международных отношений и политологии Нижегородского государственного лингвистического университета им. Н.А. Добролюбова (603155, Россия, г. Нижний Новгород, ул. Минина, 31а); директор Приволжского филиала ФНИСЦ РАН (603000, Россия, г. Нижний Новгород, пер. Холодный, 4; sv.ustinkin@gmail.com) КУКОНКОВ Павел Иванович -кандидат социологических наук, старший научный сотрудник Приволжского филиала ФНИСЦ РАН (603000, Россия, г. Нижний Новгород, пер. Холодный, 4; kukonkov_pavel@rambler.ru) МОРОЗОВА Наталья Михайловна -кандидат политических наук, доцент кафедры международных отношений и политологии Нижегородского государственного лингвистического университета им. Н.А. Добролюбова (603155, Россия, г. Нижний Новгород, ул. Минина, 31а); заместитель директора Приволжского филиала ФНИСЦ РАН (603000, Россия, г. Нижний Новгород, пер. Холодный, 4; 4379037@gmail.com) РОЛЬ СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ НЕРАВЕНСТВ В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ ОЧАГОВ МЕЖЭТНИЧЕСКОГО НАПРЯЖЕНИЯ Аннотация. В статье авторы показывают, что социальные неравенства во многом определяют природу, функции, динамику межэтнических напряжений и предпринимают попытку проанализировать связи социальных неравенств и межэтнических напряжений в Нижегородской обл. и в других регионах ПФО. Ключевые слова: социальное неравенство, социальное напряжение, межэтническое напряжение, очаг межэтнического напряжения Abstract. The authors show that social inequalities in many respects define the nature, functions, and dynamics of interethnic tension and attempt to analyze communication of social inequalities and interethnic tension in the Nizhny Novgorod Region and in other regions of Volga Federal District.

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