Abstract:The paper is focused on the analysis of Engel's Law validity within food expenditures of Czech households. The realised research dealt with the impacts of real income sizes of the average Czech household on its real shares of food expenditures in [1995][1996][1997][1998][1999][2000][2001][2002]. The evaluation of Engel's Law validity was based on the regression demand model with the regressor -real income and the regressant -real food share. Because the Czech Statistical Office database had a time dimension, the research was firstly devoted to the time-series analysis of the used database. The trend and periodical components of both time-series were quantified by the means of the decomposition non-adaptive approach with a proportional form of additive model. Under determination of time systematic components of both time-series, time-free residues could be computed and used for the creation of the stationary demand model. The realised analysis verified the validity of Engel's Law in the field of food expenditures of the average Czech household. Thus the real shares of food expenditures fell under the increase rate of the real households' incomes. This fact was represented by the negative value of the model parameter β (-4.4138 × 10 -6 ). According to the estimated value of β, the rise of the real income of the average Czech household by 1 CZK implies the fall of the real food expenditure share by 4.4138 × 10 -6 %.Key words: food expenditures, time development of real incomes and food shares, stationary share model of demand, Engel's Law Abstrakt: Pøíspìvek je vìnován výzkumu fungování Engelova zákona pøi nákupu potravin u èeských domácností. V rámci provádìného výzkumu byla hodnocena závislost mezi velikostí reálného pøíjmu prùmìrné èeské domácnosti a jejího reálné-ho podílu výdajù vynalo eného za potraviny. Hodnocení Enegelova zákona v této oblasti bylo postaveno na regresním modelu poptávky, jeho závislou promìnou byl reálný podíl výdajù za potraviny a nezávislou promìnnou reálný pøíjem. Jeliko databáze získaná z ÈSÚ mìla formu èasový øad, byl nejprve výzkum soustøedìn na analýzu systematické èasové slo ky. Na základì dekompozièního neadaptivního konceptu s aditivním tvarem modelu byla popsána trendová a periodická slo ka vývoje v pou ívané datové základnì. Její znalost byla vyu ita k urèení èasu prostých reziduí, na její základì byl sestaven vý e zmínìný poptávkový model. Analýzou závislostí mezi vý í reálného pøíjmu prùmìrné èeské domácnosti a velikostí jejich reálnì vyjádøeného podílu výdajù vìnovaného na nákup potravin byla potvrzena platnost Engelova záko-na. Tedy s rostoucím reálným pøíjmem u dané domácnosti klesal podíl jejich reálných výdajù vynalo ených na potraviny, co ve vytvoøeném èasovì stacionarizovaném modelu poptávky vyjadøovala záporná smìrnice: 4,4138 × 10 6 . Marginálnì lze zji tìnou závislost popsat takto: zvý ení reálného pøíjmu prùmìrné èeské domácnosti o 1 Kè vyvolá pokles reálnì vyjádøeného podílu výdajù za potraviny u této domácnosti o 4,4318 × 10 6 %. Dosa ený výsledek je mo n...

The article is focused on analysis of price transmission along the wheat commodity chain in the Czech Republic, with the distinction on wheat products with low value added (wheat flour), respectively high value added (wheat rolls). The degree of vertical price transmission is measured to identify potential market failures, because asymmetric price transmission can be the result of existence of market power within the food commodity chain. The data basis is made up from monthly prices on partial markets of the analyzed commodity chain published by Czech Statistical Office and Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic. The monitored time period is from January 2000 till October 2009. The analysis is based on calculation of the price transmission elasticity coefficient (evaluation of price transmission along the chain) and the intensity of dependency of positive and negative inter-market price differences (evaluation whether positive or negative price changes are better transmitted among particular vertical markets). Time lag is tested as well. The assessment of price transmission along the wheat commodity chain confirmed the existence of market power especially on the retail stage and low impact of price changes of farm prices on final consumer food prices.

Consumption of wine in the Czech Republic has a growing tendency, representing 15.4 litres per capita in 1995 and 20.0 litres per capita in 2012. Th e goal of this paper is an analysis of the development of consumer demand for wine in the Czech Republic based on the estimation of elasticity coeffi cients derived from the constructed dynamic model. Th e overall development in the period 1948-2012 is demonstrated through the linear trend: QCW T = -340.77 + 0.1788×T + u T . Th e growing consumption of wine was examined in relation to the development of the prices of wine, beer, and rum in the period 1991-2012. Th e achieved negative values of the own price elasticity coeffi cients (ranging from -0.2957 to -0.1624) suggest, that there worked normal price reactions. Cross price elasticity coeffi cients of the gross demand for wine showed complementarity between the consumption of wine and beer or wine and rum. Th e cross price elasticity of the gross demand for wine related to the price of 10° beer was -0.2757 in average, and -0.2074 in the case of rum.Key words: consumption trends, dynamic model of demand, own price elasticity of demand, cross elasticity of demand

Abstract:The paper is focused on the derivation of the mathematical relationship among the income-elasticity level of the entire market demand and the income-elasticity values of the demand functions of the consumers' groups buying on the defined market. The determination of the mathematical term was based on the linearity of the relevant demand functions. Under the linearity assumption, the income elasticity coefficient of the entire market demand equals the weighted sum of the income-demand elasticities of the differentiated consumer groups buying on the given market. The weights in the aggregation formula are defined as the related demand shares, i.e. as the proportions of the groups' demands to the entire market demand. The derived aggregation equation is quite held if no demand interactions (e.g. the snob or fashion effect) are recorded among differentiated consumers' groups. The derived formula was examined by using empirical data about the consumer behaviour of Czech households in the market of meat and meat products (Czech Statistical Office). However, the application potential of the achieved term for the income-elasticity aggregations is much broader within the consumer-behaviour analysis. In addition to the subject aggregations of the demand functions, we can also apply the derived formula for the analysis and estimations of the income elasticities within the demand-object aggregations, i.e. the multistage analysis of the income elasticity of consumer demand. Another possibility of the use of the aggregation equation is for the evaluations and estimations of the income elasticity of the region-demand functions in relation to the subregions' demands or reversely.Key words: income elasticity, market demand, consumer groups, group's demand, income-elasticity aggregation Abstrakt: Příspěvek se zaměřil na vymezení matematického vztahu mezi příjmovou elasticitou tržní poptávky a hodnotami příjmových elasticit u poptávkových funkcí jednotlivých spotřebitelských skupin, které se vyskytují na daném trhu. Určení tohoto vtahu bylo prováděno za předpokladu lineárních aproximací jednotlivých poptávkových funkcí. Odvozený vztah byl pak vyzkoušen na empirických datech z oblasti chování českých spotřebitelů na trhu s masem a masnými výrobky. Vedle odvození a aplikace zkoumaného vztahu jsou v tomto článku rovněž naznačeny některé další možnosti jeho využití při analýze spotřebitelského chování. Při prováděné analýze bylo zjištěno, že za předpokladu linearity příslušných poptávkových vztahů lze hodnotu koeficientu příjmové elasticity tržní poptávky určit z váženého součtu dílčích koeficientů příjmové elasticity poptávky za jednotlivé spotřebitelské skupiny, které se nachází na daném trhu. Váhy v daném součtu jsou definovány jako podíly příslušné úrovně dílčí poptávky na celkové tržní poptávce. Takto formulovaný vztah ovšem platí pouze v případě, že mezi poptávkami jednotlivých spotřebitelských skupin neexistují vzájemné interakce, typu módní nebo snobský efekt ap. Použití odvozeného vztahu je však v rámci analýzy spotř...

SYROVÁTKA PAVEL: Price-supply fl exibility of wheat market in the Czech Republic. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 2013, LXI, No. 4, pp. 1145-1151 The paper explores of the price-supply fl exibility of the Czech commodity market for food quality wheat in the period 1995-2011. For this analysis, inversion defi nition of the supply function was applied. The model of the inverse supply function in the Czech wheat market was based on the double log-linear construction. The parameters of the given supply model were estimated using OLS-HAC method. The developed regression model of the supply function was statistically tested. Ordinary and dynamic price fl exibility of the wheat supply on the Czech commodity market was determined in relation to the parameters of the developed econometric model. In accordance with the estimations, the ordinary price-supply fl exibility achieved + 0.3492% and the dynamic price-supply fl exibility of the fi rst order was -0.2210%. Within the interpretation of both estimated coeffi cients of the pricesupply fl exibility, the multi-factor nature of the commodity supply function must be respected. Moreover, it is important to distinguish the short-term and long-term period within the evaluation of the price-supply fl exibility.Czech wheat market, agricultural commodity supply, inverse supply function, regression supply model, price-supply fl exibility Address doc. Ing.