The presented work is devoted to isocyanate synthesis by the thermal decomposition of carbamates model. The work describes the existing isocyanate-obtaining processes and the main problems in the study of isocyanate synthesis by the thermal decomposition of carbamates, which can be solved using mathematical and computer models. Experiments with carbamates of various structures were carried out. After processing the experimental data, the activation energy and the pre-exponential factor for isocyanate synthesis by the thermal decomposition of carbamates were determined. Then, a mathematical model of the reactor for the thermal decomposition of carbamates using the COMSOL Multiphysics software was developed. For this model, computational experiments under different conditions were carried out. It was shown that the calculation results correspond to the experimental ones, so the suggested model can be used in the design of the equipment for isocyanate synthesis by the thermal decomposition of carbamates.

The research was oriented towards the preparation of aerogel particles based on egg white and whey protein isolate using various dispersion methods: dripping, spraying, and homogenization. Based on the results of analytical studies, the most appropriate samples were selected to obtain aerogels loaded with the drug. The results of the experimental research were used to study methods for obtaining nasal drug delivery systems based on aerogels. Protein aerogels were obtained by thermal gelation followed by supercritical drying. The obtained particles of protein aerogels have a specific surface area of up to 350 m2/g with a pore volume of up to 2.9 cm3/g, as well as a porosity of up to 95%. The results of experimental studies have shown that changing the dispersion method makes it possible to control the structural characteristics of protein aerogel particles. The results of the studies were applied to obtain innovative nasal drug delivery systems for the treatment of socially significant diseases. Analytical studies were conducted to determine the amount and state of adsorbed drugs in protein aerogel particles, as well as in vivo experiments on the distribution of clomipramine in blood plasma and brain tissue of rats to study the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of the resulting drug-loaded protein aerogel.

The manuscript describes methods for producing hybrid silica microparticles and hybrid alginate beads with carbon nanotube (CNT) contents up to 4.5 and 30 wt.%, respectively. Silica hybrid aerogel microparticles with embedded nanotubes were obtained using a two-stage sol–gel method with a gelling process in an oil-emulsion. Alginate hybrid aerogels with embedded nanotubes were obtained using cross-linking reactions. The following methods were used to measure the structural characteristics of obtained materials: nitrogen adsorption porosimetry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and others. It is shown that specific surface area and pore volume increase with the increase of CNT content in silica aerogel microparticles. Obtained aerogels were tested as adsorbents for argon–oxygen separation. The alginate hybrid aerogel with 30 wt.% CNT content has the best argon adsorption selectivity.

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