The aim: To determine the association between the Glu298Asp (G894T) polymorphisms of the eNOS gene with metabolic disorders in excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) pregnancy. Materials and methods: 97 pregnant women in 9-12, and 37-39 weeks of gestation were examined. The recommended GWG was diagnosed in 33 (34.0 %), insufficient in 19 (19.6 %), and excessive in 45 (46.4 %) patients. Genetic variants of eNOS were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction, lipid profile, and carbohydrate status were performed. The results were statistically analyzed using Statistica 6.0 program pack (StatSoft Inc., USA) and Microsoft Excel statistical analysis package. Results: GWG in the group of patients with gene eNOS TT polymorphism was significantly higher (1.5-fold) compared to pregnant with GG – genotype (р<0.05). Pregnant, inherited the TT allele of the eNOS gene, associated with higher levels of hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, of lipoprotein low density, glycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and higher HOMA–IR compared to carriers of GG and GT alleles (р<0.05) in the third trimester, which is especially manifested in excessive GWG. Conclusions: Decreased activity of the eNOS gene in the presence of pathological alleles is the initiator of impaired lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms and, as a consequence, excessive GWG. A high risk of excessive GWG was found in pregnant women with TT polymorphism Glu298Asp (G894T) (OR=4.52; 95%CI: 1.18-17.32; р<0.05) (frequency distribution of 73.7 %). Endothelial dysfunction is a pathogenetic link of excessive body weigh in pregnancy.

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