This study aimed to examine the gender-related differences in demographics, gambling measures, psychological functioning, and motivation for therapy in an outpatient sample of pathological gamblers seeking treatment. Participants in this multisite study included 103 adult outpatients (51 women and 52 men) meeting current DSM-IV-TR criteria for PG. Logistic regression was used to examine if gender was related together to categorical and continuous independent variables. Female gamblers were older than men and more likely to be divorced or widowed and to have a lower annual income. Women became more dependent on bingo and men on slot machines. Gambling motivation and the course of illness for both sexes were also different. Female gamblers were more anxious and with a poorer self-esteem than male gamblers and more affected by depressive symptoms; in turn, men were more impulsive and higher sensation seekers than women and more affected by drug/alcohol abuse. The 68.6% of female gamblers reported being victims of intimate partner violence. There were no gender differences about the motivation for treatment. Future research should examine gambling behaviors and psychological functioning and suggest treatment approaches to address specific goals according to these gender-related differences.
The aim of this study is to develop a scale to predict intimate partner femicide and severe violence. The sample consists of 1,081 batterer men who were reported to the police station. First, the most significant differences between the severe violence group (n = 269) and the less severe violence group (n = 812) in sociodemographic variables are determined. Both aggressors and victims of the severe violence group have a higher rate of immigration. Second, the proposed 20-item scale is derived from a larger 58-item scale, where only the most discriminative items between severe and nonsevere intimate partner violence are taken into account. Psychometric properties of reliability and validity are rather good. Cutoff scores have been proposed according to sensitivity and specificity. This easy-to-use tool appears to be suitable to the requirements of criminal justice professionals and is intended for use in safety planning. Implications of these results for further research are discussed.
RESUMENEn este estudio se hace un análisis sobre las consecuencias del abuso sexual a corto y largo plazo, así como sobre el impacto inmediato de la victimización y de las repercusiones a largo plazo en la salud mental. Se revisan asimismo las situaciones de alto riesgo y los factores protectores que pueden amortiguar el impacto del abuso sexual. Se comentan las implicaciones de este estudio para la investigación clínica y la práctica forense.Palabras clave: Abuso sexual. Revelación. Impacto psicológico. Factores de alto riesgo. Factores protectores. Cuad Med Forense 2006; 12(43-44):75-82 ABSTRACTIn this study the immediate and long-term impact of sexual abuse in children and the psychological consequences on their mental health during adult life are reviewed. High-risk situations, as well as protective factors that may minimize the impact of sexual abuse, are analyzed. Implications of these findings for clinical research and forensic practice are commented upon. Secuelas emocionales en víctimas de abuso sexual en la infancia.Emotional consequences in victims of sexual abuse in childhood.E. Echeburúa 1 y P. de Corral 2 INTRODUCCIÓN:El abuso sexual de menores se refiere a cualquier conducta sexual mantenida entre un adulto y un menor. Más que la diferencia de edad -factor, sin duda, fundamental que distorsiona toda posibilidad de relación libremente consentida-, lo que define el abuso es la asimetría entre los implicados en la relación y la presencia de coacción -explícita o implícita-. No deja, por ello, de ser significativo que el 20% del abuso sexual infantil está provocado por otros menores. (1) Las conductas abusivas, que no suelen limitarse a actos aislados, pueden incluir un contacto físico (genital, anal o bucal) o suponer una utilización del menor como objeto de estimulación sexual del agresor (exhibicionismo o proyección de películas pornográficas) [1].No es fácil determinar la incidencia real de este problema en la población porque ocurre habitualmente en un entorno privado -la familia-y los menores pueden sentirse impotentes para revelar el abuso [2]. Según la primera encuesta nacional de Estados Unidos, llevada a cabo en adultos, sobre la historia de abuso sexual, un 27% de las mujeres y un 16% de los hombres reconocían retrospectivamente haber sido víctimas de abusos sexuales en la infancia [3]. La tasa de prevalencia de abusos sexuales graves propiamente dichos, con implicaciones clínicas para los menores afectados, es considerablemente menor (en torno al 4%-8% de la población).Las víctimas suelen ser más frecuentemente mujeres (58,9%) que hombres (40,1%) y situarse en una franja de edad entre los 6 y 12 años, si bien con una mayor proximidad a la pubertad. Hay un mayor número de niñas en el abuso intrafamiliar (incesto), con una edad de inicio anterior (7-8 años), y un mayor número de niños en el abuso extrafamiliar (pederastia), con una edad de inicio posterior (11-12 años) [4].No hay una correspondencia directa entre el concepto psicológico y el jurídico de abuso sexual. En primer lugar, el ...
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