Resumo: Este artigo tem como objetivo examinar a tributação sobre o consumo e o peso que ela representa na renda da população brasileira, demonstrando o quão regressiva é nossa matriz tributária. Após uma análise sucinta das espécies tributárias que incidem sobre o consumo, abordou-se nosso sistema tributá-rio sob a perspectiva da capacidade contributiva, como princípio limitador do poder de tributar e garantidor do chamado mínimo existencial. Logo em seguida, discutiu-se a relação desses tributos com a renda de nossa população. Por fim, formulou-se propostas alternativas para o atual modelo, com o intuito de instigar o debate acerca da necessidade de se pensar em uma reforma tributária que permita alcançar uma maior justiça social. Palavras-chave:Tributação sobre o Consumo. Capacidade Contributiva. Justiça Tributária. Abstract:This article aims to analyze the taxation over consumption and the influence that it represents in the income of the Brazilian population, demonstrating how our tributary system is regressive. After a brief analysis of tax species that rest upon over the consumption, we will be addressing our taxation system from the viewpoint of ability to pay, as a limiter principle of the power to tax and guarantor of so-called existential minimum. Shortly thereafter, we will work with the relationship of these taxes with the income of our population. Finally, it will be proposed alternatives to the current model, with the intention to stimulate the discussion about the need to consider a tax reform that enable us to achieve a bigger social justice.

This article discusses the four dimensions generating fiscal illusion through a survey answered by a sample of the population of the northern region of Portugal. These dimensions were (1) bias in the taxpayers' perception of the costs and benefits of public programs; (2) ignorance or inattention to fiscal reality (e.g. tax structure or associated collection); (3) taking advantage of the taxpayer's timing and expectations for an optimized tax collection; and (4) association of the surrounding socioeconomic reality with the tax structure. The results show that the most serious dimension present among the analyzed Portuguese taxpayers is the relative lack of attention to fiscal reality. Through an analysis using appropriate tests, it was observed that some dimensions, such as education and taxpayer income, significantly influence the individual risk of fiscal illusion.

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