To systematically review and analyze the effects of resistance-based exercise programs on body composition, regional adiposity, and body weight in individuals with overweight/obesity across the lifespan. Using PRISMA guidelines, randomized controlled trials were searched in nine electronic databases up to December 2020. Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects model. One-hundred sixteen articles describing 114 trials (n = 4184 participants) were included. Interventions involving resistance training and caloric restriction were the most effective for reducing body fat percentage (ES = À3.8%, 95% CI: À4.7 to À2.9%, p < 0.001) and wholebody fat mass (ES = À5.3 kg, 95% CI: À7.2 to À3.5 kg, p < 0.001) compared with groups without intervention. Significant results were also observed following combined resistance and aerobic exercise (ES = À2.3% and À1.4 kg, p < 0.001) and resistance training alone (ES = À1.6% and À1.0 kg, p < 0.001) compared with no training controls. Resistance training alone was the most effective for increasing lean mass compared with no training controls (ES = 0.8 kg, 95% CI: 0.6 to 1.0 kg, p < 0.001), whereas lean mass was maintained following interventions involving resistance training and caloric restriction (ES = $ À 0.3 kg, p = 0.550-0.727). Results were consistently observed across age and sex groups (p = 0.001-0.011). Reductions in regional adiposity and body weight measures were also observed following combined resistance and aerobic exercise and programs including caloric restriction (p < 0.001). In conclusion, this study provides evidence that resistance-based exercise programs are effective and should be considered within any multicomponent therapy program when caloric restriction is utilized in individuals with overweight or obesity.

Background A systematic review and network meta-analysis was undertaken to examine the effectiveness of different modes of resistance exercise velocity in fast walking speed, timed-up and go, five-times sit-to-stand, 30-sec sit-to-stand and 6-min walking tests in older adults. Methods CINAHL, Embase, LILACS, PubMed, Scielo, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science databases were searched up to February 2022. Eligible randomised trials examined the effects of supervised high-velocity or traditional resistance exercise in older adults (i.e., ≥ 60 years). The primary outcome for this review was physical function measured by fast walking speed, timed up and go, five times sit-to-stand, 30-sec sit-to-stand and 6-minute walking tests, while maximal muscle power and muscle strength were secondary. A random-effects network meta-analysis was undertaken to examine the effects of different resistance exercise interventions. Results Eighty articles describing 79 trials (n= 3,575) were included. High-velocity resistance exercise was the most effective for improving fast walking speed [standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.44, 95% CI: 0.00 to 0.87], timed-up and go (SMD -0.76, 95% CI: -1.05 to -0.47) and five times sit-to-stand (SMD -0.74, 95% CI: -1.20 to -0.27), while traditional resistance exercise was the most effective for 30-sec sit-to-stand (SMD 1.01, 95% CI: 0.68 to 1.34) and 6-min walking (SMD 0.68, 95% CI: 0.34 to 1.03). Conclusion Our study provides evidence that resistance exercise velocity effects are specific in older adults as evidenced by physical function test dependence. We suggest that prescription based on the velocity of contraction should be individualised to address specific functional needs of participants.

IntroductionObese men with prostate cancer have an increased risk of biochemical recurrence, metastatic disease and mortality. For those undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), substantial increases in fat mass are observed in the first year of treatment. Recently, we showed that a targeted supervised clinic-based exercise and nutrition intervention can result in a substantial reduction in fat mass with muscle mass preserved in ADT-treated patients. However, the intervention needs to be accessible to all patients and not just those who can access a supervised clinic-based programme. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of telehealth delivered compared with supervised clinic-based delivered exercise and nutrition intervention in overweight/obese patients with prostate cancer.Methods and analysisA single-blinded, two-arm parallel group, non-inferiority randomised trial will be undertaken with 104 overweight/obese men with prostate cancer (body fat percentage ≥25%) randomly allocated in a ratio of 1:1 to a telehealth-delivered, virtually supervised exercise and nutrition programme or a clinic-based, face-to-face supervised exercise and nutrition programme. Exercise will consist of supervised resistance and aerobic exercise performed three times a week plus additional self-directed aerobic exercise performed 4 days/week for the first 6 months. Thereafter, for months 7–12, the programmes will be self-managed. The primary endpoint will be fat mass. Secondary endpoints include lean mass and abdominal aortic calcification, anthropometric measures and blood pressure assessment, objective measures of physical function and physical activity levels, patient-reported outcomes and blood markers. Measurements will be undertaken at baseline, 6 months (post intervention), and at 12 months of follow-up. Data will be analysed using intention-to-treat and per protocol approaches.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been obtained from the Edith Cowan University Human Research Ethics Committee (ID: 2021–02157-GALVAO). Outcomes from the study will be published in academic journals and presented in scientific and consumer meetings.Trial registration numberACTRN12621001312831.

Objetivo: Descrever os efeitos e os moderadores do exercício físico na fadiga e capacidade cardiorrespiratória de pacientes com câncer de mama em tratamento primário, bem como a relação entre o exercício físico e sobrevida nessa população. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa de estudos que examinaram os efeitos do exercício na fadiga e capacidade cardiorrespiratória em mulheres com câncer de mama. Além disso, examinamos informações relevantes sobre a relação entre exercício e sobrevivência em pacientes com câncer. Resultados: O exercício reduziu significativamente a fadiga relacionada ao câncer com maiores reduções observadas em pacientes que realizaram exercício de forma supervisionada ou apresentaram maiores queixas de fadiga. Na capacidade cardiorrespiratória, aumentos significativos foram observados após a realização de programas baseados em treinamento aeróbio. Pacientes mais jovens, que realizaram programas supervisionados, ou que participaram de prescrição não-lineares de treinamento aeróbio apresentaram maiores efeitos. Apesar de estudos epidemiológicos indicarem associações entre maiores níveis de atividade física e sobrevivência, ensaios clínicos randomizados são necessários para confirmar tal relação em pacientes com câncer. Conclusão: Sugerimos a promoção do exercício na redução da fadiga e aumento da capacidade cardiorrespiratória em mulheres com câncer de mama. Além disso, grupos específicos de pacientes baseados na idade e níveis iniciais parecem responder melhor ao exercício que outros.