The objective of the present study was evaluate the carbon cycle in Paraguayan Pantanal area native grassland ecosystems by measuring pasture growth and simulating animal grazing. For this purpose, soil analyzes, annual productivity and forage quality were carried out in 4 agro ecological sites of a 20,000 ha located in Alto Paraguay Department (21º 1' 29.85”S and 58º 17' 38.55” W), from Dec 21, 2019 to Feb 12, 2020. In the selected location was installed an 8 m x 8 m exclusion cage with three treatments (4 m2 subplots), corresponding to cutting intervals (35, 70 and 105 CI days, respectively). The seasonal dry matter (DM) production and the pasture growth rate, adjusted stocking rate at three production levels (50, 70 and 75% breeding rate, respectively), carbon contained in organic matter (OM), root system and aerial biomass accumulated in ground were evaluated. The data were compared using Tukey test with a 5% probability. The emission of greenhouse gases (GG) per head and per ha was simulated and adjusted to breeding livestock to a total area of 6,600 ha and 5,000 grassland ha. The 35 days CI presented 32% higher productivity than 105 days CI in carbon sequestration. The best capture/emission balance per ha was observed in 35 days CI with the 50% breeding rate, producing 1,481 kg of CO2-e ha-1, intensifying and increasing the breeding rate to 75%, the balance decreases to 1,294 kg of CO2-e ha-1. In all cases, livestock in grassland has presented a positive balance when accounting for GG per unit area.
El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la fertilización y de diferentes programas de irrigación sobre el comportamiento productivo y los costos de producción del sorgo forrajero (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Esta investigación se realizó en el Campo Experimental de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (UNA), San Lorenzo – Paraguay. Se usó el diseño experimental en fajas, con seis tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones. Los tratamientos consistieron en: testigo (T1), solo fertilización (T2), irrigación en momentos críticos + fertilización (T3), irrigación para mantener el suelo a capacidad de campo + fertilización (T4), solo irrigación en momentos críticos (T5) y solo irrigación para mantener el suelo a capacidad de campo (T6). Las variables dependientes evaluadas fueron: balance hídrico del cultivo (mm), altura de la planta (cm.pl1), rendimiento en masa verde (t MV.ha1) y masa seca (t MS.ha1), porcentaje de hoja, tallo y panoja en la materia seca, tenor de proteína bruta (% PB) en hoja, tallo y panoja y el costo de producción total (CPT). Los datos fueron sometidos a ANOVA y las medias comparadas por el test de Tuckey (p ≤ 0.05). Los tratamientos no irrigados (T1 y T2) presentaron balances hídricos negativos; mientras que los demás tratamientos fueron positivos. Los T3 y T4 promovieron mayores alturas, rendimientos (MV y MS) y de panoja (%); mientras que en las hojas (%) se destacó el T1 y para el tallo (%) no se registraron diferencias (p = 0.068). En cuanto al tenor de la PB el T1 presentó mayores valores de la hoja; mientras que en el tallo y la panoja no hubo efectos significativos (p = 0.641 y p = 0.045). Con relación al CTP los T3 y T4 fueron los de mayor costo, pero para producir 1 kg de forraje (MV) dichos costos fueron compensados por la alta productividad que promovieron, haciéndolo más económico que el testigo. En conclusión, los programas de irrigación utilizados durante el experimento fueron suficientes para cubrir las exigencias hídricas del cultivo de sorgo; mientras que el testigo y el tratamiento solo con fertilización presentaron balances hídricos negativos. Los tratamientos con mayores costos promovieron alta productividad y consecuentemente fueron los más económicos por kilogramo de forraje verde producido
The objective of this work was to evaluate the bovinometric measurements and live weight of bovine animals of three racial biotypes maintained on natural pasture. The study was carried out in the Estancia Barrerito, from September 2017 to April 2018. It was based on an analytical observational study, analyzing racial biotypes (Brahman, Nelore and Criollo) and calving season (head, medium and tail). The select animals were 220 claves (born in 2017). The parameters evaluated were live weigh, thoracic perimeter (TP) and hip height (HH) at birth and live weigh, thoracic perimeter (TP) and hip height (HH) at weaning be standardized to 205 days-of-age. The results were subjected to an analysis of variance and the means that presented statistically significant differences were compared with the Tukey test at a 5% probability of error. The weights at birth of Nelore were similar to the other evaluated biotypes which were not influenced by the calving season. Weaning weights were higher in the Nelore and Criollo biotypes compared to the Brahman biotype. The TP and HH at weaning of the Nelore biotype were higher compared to the other two biotypes evaluated, which were statistically similar.
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