The gadolinium sesquioxide (Gd2O3) with its bandgap of ∼5.4 eV and high dielectric permittivity and refractive index has been used widely in optics, magnetic resonance imaging, and high k dielectrics. Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) reveals spectral features at 13.5 eV and 15 eV, which can be interpreted as surface and volume plasmons, respectively. The unusual surface exciton polariton, with surface resonances associated with excitonic onsets, was also observed at ∼7.5 eV. Because of the differences in electronic structures between the cubic and the monoclinic phases of Gd2O3, it is straightforward to distinguish the two phases using the low-loss regime and O K-edge as a fingerprint. We further successfully performed EELS and electron diffraction to identify the crystalline phase of a single-crystal Gd2O3 film epitaxially grown on a Si(111) substrate.

Compared with CA2 and CA4, CA16 infections resulted in more cases of HFMD and had significantly higher transmission rates in preschoolers.

Considering the before and after phonon softening, the gap in a CoO6-octahedral crystal electric fields (CEF) and the thermally activated spin gap, were observed of ∼0.5 meV and Q ∼ 25 meV in defect-free LaCoO3 single crystal, respectively.

: A new type of luminogens with aggregation-induced-emission (AIE) behavior was designed and synthesized. The result of single crystal X-ray structure showed a planar structure in which the dihedral angle between two aromatic rings is less than 30o. Moreover, two different intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions supported the stability of crystal structure. After formation of organic nanoparticles in poor solubility solvent, the emission intensity of desired product was increased and the enhancement reached 14-fold. This new design of luminogen provided further understanding for AIE mechanism.