Introduction 4183 2. Preparation and Characterization of Pd-Based Electrocatalysts 4184 2.1. Supported Pd Electrocatalysts 4185 2.2. Unsupported Pd Electrocatalysts 4188 3. Pd-Based Electrocatalysts for Alcohol Oxidation in Alkaline Media 4188 3.1. Half Cell Performance 4189 3.1.1.

Membranes with Proton-Conducting Polymer Components 2793 4. Nonfluorinated Acid Ionomer Membranes 2793 4.1. Poly(arylene ether)-Based Membranes 2793 4.1.1. Modification of SPEEK Membrane 2793 4.1.2. Poly(arylene ether)s with Cross-Linkable Groups 2794 4.1.3. Poly(arylene ether)s with Pendant Sulfonated Groups or Side-Chains 2799 4.1.4. Poly(arylene ether)s with Backbones Containing Heteroatoms Such as F, N, S, and P 2800 4.1.5. Multiblock Copoly(arylene ether)s Synthesized by the Coupling Reaction of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Macromonomers 2803 4.2. Polyimide-Based Membranes 2804 4.2.1. SPIs Based on NTDA 2804 4.2.2. SPIs based on BNTDA 2806 4.2.3. SPIs Based on Other Dianhydrides 2807 4.3. Hydrocarbon Polymer with Aliphatic Main-Chain-Based Membranes 2807 4.4. Glass Membranes 2809 5. Polybenzimidazole/H 3 PO 4 Membranes 2809 5.1. Modifications to mPBI 2810 5.1.1. Optimizations of Preparation and Operation of Acid-Doped mPBI System 2810 5.1.2. Modified mPBI/H 3

A porous MoO2 nanosheet as an active and stable bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting, is presented. It needs a cell voltage of only about 1.53 V to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm(-2) and maintains its activity for at least 24 h in a two-electrode configuration.

A new one-step ion-exchange/activation combination method using a metal-ion exchanged resin as a carbon precursor is used to prepare a ultrahigh surface area and three-dimensional hierarchical porous graphene-like networks for fast and highly stable supercapacitors.