As Hepatites Virais (HV) são causadas por cinco tipos distintos de vírus que possuem tropismo pelo tecido hepático, apresentando importantes diferenças entre si e particularidades regionais. Dessa forma, o presente estudo objetiva realizar um levantamento bibliográfico atual, disseminando informações sobre aspectos epidemiológicos, manifestações clínicas, formas preventivas, testagem e tratamento das HVs. Esse estudo trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica, qualitativa, com característica exploratória, onde foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados virtuais por artigos, dissertações, teses, manuais e boletins epidemiológicos no período de 2010 a 2020. As HVs são doenças infecciosas sistêmicas, consideradas as principais representantes da “síndrome hepatocelular”. Podem cursar de forma aguda ou tornarem-se crônicas, sendo a fase aguda autolimitada, com duração média de 02 meses, tendo seu período máximo até 06 meses; a forma crônica é caracterizada por um período maior que 06 meses com o vírus no organismo, causando repetidas e incessantes agressões aos hepatócitos. A patologia cursa oligossintomática até que o paciente desenvolva sintomas característicos como ascite e encefalopatia hepática; outras formas de descobrir que o indivíduo é portador de uma HV são em testagens sanguíneas durante doações de hemocomponentes, exames de pré-natal, candidatos ao programa de hemodiálise e em campanhas de testagem rápida. Com esse estudo pôde-se delinear o perfil dos grupos de risco mais vulneráveis, tornando-se possível desenhar estratégias de prevenção, visando minimizar a taxa de contágio e episódios epidêmicos atingindo a meta global “NOHep” da OMS para erradicação das hepatites virais como problema de saúde pública até 2030.

Os anticoncepcionais são um conjunto de métodos que tem como objetivo mais comum evitar a gravidez. Em relação à utilização frequente de métodos contraceptivos hormonais, alguns estudos demonstram que o uso prolongado pode acarretar malefícios à saúde da mulher. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo descrever os principais tipos de anticoncepcionais hormonais, abordar os mecanismos de ação de cada um e descrever o surgimento de patologias relacionadas ao uso prolongado destes. O estudo trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica de natureza qualitativa com caráter exploratório. Os contraceptivos surgiram dando certa liberdade à mulher no que diz respeito à gravidez, possibilitando a escolha do momento para ideal isto, porém seu uso deve ser feito com acompanhamento de um médico especialista, uma vez que serão analisadas as características individuais da mulher e dessa forma, o medicamento mais adequado será utilizado.

About 2.4 million people die each year worldwide as a result of chronic infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV). HCV is a worldwide problem, more than 170 million people are infected with the virus worldwide, corresponding to about 3% of the population. Some common signs for patients chronically infected with HCV are: increased liver enzyme activity and chronic liver diseases, such as fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The present study consists of a literature review, of a qualitative nature which aims to approach the main clinical and epidemiological aspects of the chronic infection caused by the HCV. HCV detection is carried out by screening for antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and screening for HCV-RNA through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The current detection methods are not viable for all medical centers and outpatient clinics, making it necessary to develop new detection methods, since the technological apparatus for screening HCV-RNA, as well as ELISA, is a distant reality for the vast majority of the global health system. The development of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) increased the viral response, reaching up to 92.7% success rate. It is necessary to monitor post-treatment patients, as well as to treat patients who are still affected by the virus worldwide, to ensure that there is no progression of liver fibrosis in cirrhosis, nor the development of HCC. Additionally, vigilance should be maintained for possible mutations and the emergence of viral resistance to DAAs.

The current pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 originated in the city of Wuhan, China with an outbreak of pneumonia. The reported symptoms were mostly respiratory, but mounting evidence began to indicate that COVID-19 could reach other organs and systems. Among the gastrointestinal symptoms, liver involvement appears to be more common, with changes in liver enzymes (ALT and AST) being the first sign. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate and discuss the hepatic manifestations in COVID-19 as the infection, manifestations, and drug effects. The study was based on a literature review, of a qualitative nature and an exploratory type. The mechanism that SARS-CoV-2 uses to reach the liver is still uncertain, there are currently 3 hypotheses: ACE2 receptors in cholangiocytes, cytokine storm, and drug-induced liver injury, due to the increase in the indiscriminate use of hepatotoxic drugs without scientific comprovation, hydroxychloroquine can lead to fulminant hepatic failure and azithromycin potentiates these effects, the role of remdesivir on the liver are still uncertain. Liver damage in mild cases of COVID-19 can be transient, but doctors should monitor and be alert to any changes in liver enzymes. When severe liver damage occurs, liver protective drugs have usually been given to these patients. Thus, this review provides a review of hepatic impairment and the management of patients considering the main studies carried out to date.

The current pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread alarmingly around the world at a significantly faster speed than previous coronaviral outbreaks. Due to the lack of a vaccine at the moment, an early antiviral intervention can prevent the spread of the disease worldwide and improve the clinical results of infected patients. The SARS-CoV-2 virus and the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) have a similar structure, replication, and catalytic mechanisms, therefore, several studies have considered the potential for antiviral activity of anti-HCV drugs such as remdesivir, simeprevir, sofosbuvir, and daclatasvir against SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate and discuss the antivirals already available against HCV, which have also been shown to be potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 replication. The study was based on a literature review, of a qualitative nature and an exploratory type. Studies with anti-HCV drugs are promising and are already considered to start clinical trials in patients infected with the new coronavirus, having been observed as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 viral replication. Thus, the present study brings a pharmaco-clinical review on antivirals remdesivir, simeprevir, sofosbuvir, and daclatasvir, considering the main studies carried out to date in the treatment for Covid-19.