No abstract

Bacterial wilt caused by the soil-borne pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum is a destructive disease of tomato. Tomato cultivar Hawaii 7996 is well-known for its stable resistance against R. solanacearum . However, the resistance mechanism of Hawaii 7996 has not yet been revealed. Here, we showed that Hawaii 7996 activated root cell death response and exhibited stronger defense gene induction than the susceptible cultivar Moneymaker after R. solanacearum GMI1000 infection. By employing virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and CRISPR/Cas9 technologies, we found that SlNRG1 -silenced and SlADR1 -silenced/knockout mutant tomato partially or completely lost resistance to bacterial wilt, indicating that helper NLRs SlADR1 and SlNRG1, the key nodes of effector-triggered immunity (ETI) pathways, are required for Hawaii 7996 resistance. In addition, while SlNDR1 was dispensable for the resistance of Hawaii 7996 to R. solanacearum , SlEDS1, SlSAG101a /b , and SlPAD4 were essential for the immune signaling pathways in Hawaii 7996. Overall, our results suggested that robust resistance of Hawaii 7996 to R. solanacearum relied on the involvement of multiple conserved key nodes of the ETI signaling pathways. This study sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying tomato resistance to R. solanacearum and will accelerate the breeding of tomatoes resilient to diseases.

It is very necessary for disease diagnosis, monitoring and treatment planning to locate and segment brain tumours from 3D MRI images accurately. 3D segmentation from MRIs means classifying each voxel in 3D space, it is very conducive to the relevant biological measurements and further analysis of the lesion. Until now, brain tumour segmentation from 3D biomedical images has been a challenging worldwide task due to the tumour features’ variousness, which varies part of U-Net and concatenates these features, which are upsampled to the same scale. To grasp the channel weight and ROIs, the bottleneck of the network is an improved dual path attention module, which convergence the advantages of channel attention and spatial attention. The proposed model has been validated in the online dataset of BraTS 2018. The mean dice score of enhancing tumours is 0.772. The mean dice score of the whole tumour is 0.907. The mean dice score of the tumour core is 0.819. The effectiveness of the proposed method is proved by quantitative and qualitative evaluation.