Near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT) research is an important research project after a major breakthrough in nanotechnology. Based on the multilayer structure, we found that due to the existence of inherent losses, the decoupling of hyperbolic modes (HMs) after changing the filling ratio led to the suppression of heat flow near the surface mode resonance frequency. It complements the physical landscape of enhancement of near-field radiative heat transfer by HMs and more surface states supported by multiple surfaces. More importantly, considering the difficulty of accurate preparation at the nanoscale, we introduce the disorder factor to describe the magnitude of the random variation of the layer thickness of the multilayer structure and then explore the effect on heat transfer when the layer thickness is slightly different from the exact value expected. We find that the near-field radiative heat flux decreases gradually as the disorder increases because of interlayer energy localization. However, the reduction in heat transfer does not exceed an order of magnitude, although the disorder is already very large. At the same time, the regulation effect of the disorder on NFRHT is close to that of the same degree of filling ratio, which highlights the importance of disordered systems. This work qualitatively describes the effect of disorder on heat transfer and provides instructive data for the fabrication of NFRHT devices.

Miniaturized powering devices with both sufficient capacity as well as fast charging capability are anticipated to support microelectronics with multi-functions. However, most reported miniaturized energy storage devices only display limited performances around capacity or rate performance, and it remains challenging to develop high-rate microdevices with large capacities. Herein, a reconstructed NiCo alloy is proposed as a promising microcathode for a Ni-Zn microbattery with a high-rate performance and large capacity. With the reconstructed layer compactly adhered on the metal substrate, the activated NiCo alloy demonstrates an excellent conductivity close to metals. Meanwhile, the abundant alloying defect contributes to a relatively higher reconstruction depth up to 20 nm. Both the superior electron transport and the higher reaction depth facilitate the simultaneous excellent performance in the reaction rate and capacity. As a consequence, the microcathode achieves a large capacity up to 1.51 mAh cm−2, as well as an excellent rate performance with a capacity retention of 82.9% when the current density is expanded to 100 mA cm−2. More surprisingly, such excellent performance can shift towards the full Ni-Zn microbattery, and the fast-charging capability based on large capacity can stably maintain 7000 cycles. This unique strategy of reconstructed NiCo alloy microcathode provides a new direction for the construction of high-performance output units.

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BackgroundMiscarriage seriously hinders human reproduction. BaP (benzo(a)pyrene) and its metabolite BPDE (benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide) could cause trophoblast cell dysfunctions and might further induce human miscarriage. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. ResultsHerein, we identified a novel lnc-HZ04 up-regulated and a novel miR-hz04 down-regulated in the unexplained recurrent miscarriage (RM) villous tissues relative to the healthy control tissues and also in the BPDE-exposed trophoblast cells. Lnc-HZ04 served as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA), directly and specifically bound with miR-hz04 on its target site, and diminished the inhibition effects of miR-hz04 on IP3R1 mRNA expression level and its mRNA stability, thus activated Ca2+-mediated IP3R1/p-CaMKII/SGCB apoptosis pathway, which further promoted trophoblast cell apoptosis. The miR-hz04 target site, but not its mutant, on lnc-HZ04 played important roles in these regulations. In normal trophoblast, relatively less lnc-HZ04 and more miR-hz04 inhibited this apoptosis pathway and gave normal pregnancy. After exposure to BPDE or in the RM tissues, relatively more lnc-HZ04 and less miR-hz04 activated this apoptosis pathway and induced miscarriage. BaP could also induce mice miscarriage by up-regulating this corresponding murine apoptosis pathway. ConclusionsThis work discovered that lnc-HZ04 served as a ceRNA for miR-hz04 and up-regulated IP3R1/CaMKII/SGCB pathway, which promoted the BPDE-induced human trophoblast cell apoptosis and the occurrence of miscarriage, providing novel scientific and clinical understanding in the occurrence of unexplained miscarriage.

The optimization mechanism of ultrafast laser machining is introduced. The specific applications of laser processed 3D micro/nano structures in optical, electrochemical and biomedical fields are elaborated, and perspectives are presented.