The in situ application of iChip cultivation in mangrove sediment from Hainan province, China, led to the isolation of a novel bacterial species Gallaecimonas mangrovi HK‐28. The extract of G. mangrovi HK‐28 exhibited antibiotic activity against the aquatic pathogen Vibrio harveyi, and its chemical constituents were further investigated by bioactivity‐guided isolation. Three new diketopiperazines, gallaecimonamides A–C, were accordingly isolated from the AcOEt extract of the fermentation broth of G. mangrovi HK‐28. The planar structures of gallaecimonamides A–C were determined using HR‐ESI‐MS together with 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR. The absolute configurations of gallaecimonamides A–C were assigned by optical rotation, NOESY experiment and TDDFT ECD calculations. The in vitro antibacterial and antimalarial activities of gallaecimonamides A–C were assessed. Gallaecimonamide A was found to display antibacterial activity against V. harveyi with a MIC value of 50 μm. However, gallaecimonamides B and C showed no antibacterial activity against V. harveyi (MIC >300 μm). In addition, all the isolates did not exhibit any inhibitory activities against V. parahaemolyticus (MIC>300 μm) and Plasmodium falciparum W2 (EC50>100 μg/mL).

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To evaluate the prognostic role of the preoperative plasma lipid profile, including triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) who underwent complete resection. Clinical data, including preoperative plasma profile levels, were retrospectively collected and reviewed in 300 patients with LUSC who underwent radical lung resection between 2016 and 2017. The overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were assessed by the Kaplan–Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards regression model. TG ≤ 1.35, HDL-C ≤ 1.17, and LDL-C ≤ 2.32 were deemed as independent preoperative risk factors for OS, and HDL-C ≤ 1.17 was an independent preoperative risk factor for DFS. In the multivariate analyses involving OS and DFS, a decreased HDL-C level was significantly associated with worse OS (HR, 0.546; 95% CI, 0.380–0.784, P = 0.001) and DFS (HR, 0.644; 95% CI, 0.422–0.981, P = 0.041). Additionally, an increased TG (HR, 0.546; 95% CI, 0.366–0.814, P = 0.003) or LDL-C (HR, 0.652; 95% CI, 0.456–0.933, P = 0.019) level was significantly associated with better OS. In patients with LUSC, decreased levels of HDL-C may predict worse outcomes for both DFS and OS, while increased TG or LDL-C levels may predict better OS.

Two new furandione derivatives, designated as asperfurandiones A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the solid culture of the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus versicolor. Their structures were elucidated using a combination of mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Additionally, asperfurandiones A and B both showed moderate antifungal activity against Gaeumannomyces graminis, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Candida albicans with MIC values of 64 μg/mL.

Strain CG-9, isolated from human saliva and identified as Enterococcus faecalis, produced a component that inhibits the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The active peptide from the cell-free supernatant of Enterococcus faecalis CG-9 was purified in three steps: (1) precipitation with 70% saturated ammonium sulfate: (2) cation-exchange chromatography, (3) gel filter chromatography. The purified bacteriocin exhibited a wide range of antimicrobial activity against many food-borne spoilage and Pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, as well as some yeast. The bacteriocin was heat stable, pH resistant and protease sensitive. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, sodium dodecyl sulfate, Tween 80 and 6% sodium chloride did not decrease the activity. The characterization, antimicrobial spectrum and molecular mass of this bacteriocin suggested that it was a novel bacteriocin with potential research and application value in food industry.