Peroxynitrite (ONOO À ) plays a critical role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). To reveal the ONOO À influx in AD brains, an activatable activity-based fluorescence probe Rd-DPA3 was designed by a structure-modulated strategy. Taking advantage of ONOO À -initiated twostep cascade reactions of a novel chemical trigger, Rd-DPA3 specifically responds to ONOO À in 0.3 mM of other reactive oxygen species (ROS) and varied proteins, and gives an intensive fluorescence enhancement (F/F 0 = 50). Moreover, with its mitochondria-targeting ability, Rd-DPA3 can be used to efficiently monitor the alternations of intracellular ONOO À levels in cerebral cells during oxidative stress. Significantly, due to NIR emission and good blood-brain barrier (BBB) crossing ability, Rd-DPA3 is suitable for in vivo imaging of cerebral ONOO À influx and illustrating an age-dependent accumulation of ONOO À in AD mice brains.

Peroxynitrite (ONOO À ) plays a critical role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). To reveal the ONOO À influx in AD brains, an activatable activity-based fluorescence probe Rd-DPA3 was designed by a structure-modulated strategy. Taking advantage of ONOO À -initiated twostep cascade reactions of a novel chemical trigger, Rd-DPA3 specifically responds to ONOO À in 0.3 mM of other reactive oxygen species (ROS) and varied proteins, and gives an intensive fluorescence enhancement (F/F 0 = 50). Moreover, with its mitochondria-targeting ability, Rd-DPA3 can be used to efficiently monitor the alternations of intracellular ONOO À levels in cerebral cells during oxidative stress. Significantly, due to NIR emission and good blood-brain barrier (BBB) crossing ability, Rd-DPA3 is suitable for in vivo imaging of cerebral ONOO À influx and illustrating an age-dependent accumulation of ONOO À in AD mice brains.

Meteorus pulchricornis (Wesmael) is a solitary endoparasitoid of lepidopteran pests and a good candidate for the control of Spodoptera frugiperda. To elucidate the structure of the female reproductive apparatus, which may play a role in facilitating successful parasitism, we presented the description of the morphology and ultrastructure of the whole female reproductive system in a thelytokous strain of M. pulchricornis. Its reproductive system includes a pair of ovaries without specialized ovarian tissues, a branched venom gland, a venom reservoir, and a single Dufour gland. Each ovariole contains follicles and oocytes at different stages of maturation. A fibrous layer, possibly an egg surface protector, coats the surface of mature eggs. The venom gland consists of secretory units (including secretory cells and ducts) with abundant mitochondria, vesicles and end apparatuses in the cytoplasm, and a lumen. The venom reservoir is comprised of a muscular sheath, epidermal cells with few end apparatuses and mitochondria, and a large lumen. Furthermore, venosomes are produced by secretory cells and delivered into the lumen via the ducts. As a result, myriad venosomes are observed in the venom gland filaments and the venom reservoir, suggesting that they may function as a parasitic factor and have important roles in effective parasitism.