No abstract

Background: When diagnosing and treating male infertility it is important to determine whether there are defects in the maturation process of sperm nuclei. Using nutritional supplements can improve the morphological and physiological condition of the spermatozoa. In recent years there has been an increase in the usage of supplements with different compositions which strives to determine the best combination and avoid side effects. &nbsp; Aim: To study the effect of PAPA nutritional supplement on the levels of DNA fragmentation of sperm cells tested with acridine orange test (single stranded DNA against double stranded DNA) in men with sub/infertility. &nbsp; Materials and methods: 48 men with confirmed sub/infertility underwent treatment for three months with nutritional supplement PAPA containing 9 micronutrients. The differences in levels of DNA fragmentation were determined with acridine orange test, which was conducted before and after the treatment. &nbsp; Results: The results were statistically significant (p<0.001) showing an increase in the number of green spermatozoa (normal DNA), and a decrease of damaged ones (orange and red). After treatment the level of sperm DNA fragmentation decreased by 10.2%. &nbsp; Conclusion: Men with confirmed sub/infertility that took nutritional supplement PAPA for three moths showed a decrease in DNA fragmentation levels of 10.2% determined by AO test which implies an improvement of male fertility levels.

Ghrelin is a hormone discovered relatively recently, the effect of which is associated with the normal activity of the digestive tract. It is the most abundant in the gastric mucosa, but also occurs in other parts of the digestive system, sexual organs and some glands. Many authors associate the action of ghrelin with appetite and weight gain or weight loss. The purpose of this study was by immunohistochemical methods to localize grelin-pozitive cells in the duodenal mucosa and comparatively to determine their amount. We use Ghrelin (H-40) antibody (Santa Cruz-USA), and for the visualization of the results-detection system EnVisionTM FLEX Mini Kit, High Ph (DAKO-k8024 HRP). Histomorphometric study performed by Michael Vinther Image Analyzer, Version 1.33 (Mee Soft, Germany).