Patients with traumatic brain injury represent a risk group for accidents post-injury, while those with brain injury after cerebrovascular accidents do not. Possible causes for this difference are discussed.

LAY ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to examine the effect of motion-controlled commercial video games compared to traditional occupational-and physiotherapy methods on hand and arm function in persons with cerebral palsy. This review has investigated what the already existing Research have found on this subject and the results have been pooled to get a broader view of what effect this Method has for People living With cerebral palsy.The results of this study shows that motion-controlled commercial video games have a greater effect on hand and arm function compared to traditional therapy methods. Which means that motion-controlled commercial video games can be a good Method of training as an addition to traditional methods for therapists working with people with cerebral palsy. Objective: To examine the effect of motion-controlled commercial video games compared with traditional occupational and physiotherapy methods for hand and arm function in persons of all ages with cerebral palsy. Data sources: A systematic literature search was conducted in Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, OTseeker and PEDro for randomized controlled trials involving persons with cerebral palsy using motion-controlled commercial video games as a training method for hand and arm function, compared with traditional therapy. Study selection and data extraction: Screening, data-extraction, risk of bias and quality assessment was carried out independently by 2 of the authors. The risk of bias of each study was assessed using the Cochrane Collaborations Risk of Bias Tool. The quality of evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE).Data synthesis: Eight randomized controlled trials, with a total of 262 participants, were included. A random effects meta-analysis showed a statistically significant difference compared to traditional therapy methods in favour of motion-controlled commercial video games. The quality of the evidence was, however, rated as very low. Conclusion: Despite a significantly greater improvement in hand and arm function in favour of motioncontrolled commercial video games, the results of this review should be interpreted with caution with regards to high risk of bias and the low strength of evidence. There is a need for high-powered studies on the effectiveness of training with motion-controlled commercial video games for persons with cerebral palsy, especially in adults.

It is recommended that self-regulatory measurements should regularly be considered in the driving assessments after ABI.

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The objective of this prospective one-year follow-up study was to explore the associations between self-regulatory mechanisms and neuropsychological tests as well as baseline and follow-up ratings of driver behaviour. The participants were a cohort of subjects with stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI) who were found fit to drive after a multi-disciplinary driver assessment (baseline). Baseline measures included neuropsychological tests and ratings of self-regulatory mechanisms, i.e., executive functions (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version; BRIEF-A) and impulsive personality traits (UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale). The participants rated pre-injury driving behaviour on the Driver Behaviour Qestionnaire (DBQ) retrospectively at baseline and after one year of post-injury driving (follow-up). Better performance on neuropsychological tests was significantly associated with more post-injury DBQ Violations. The BRIEF-A main indexes were significantly associated with baseline and follow-up ratings of DBQ Mistakes and follow-up DBQ Inattention. UPPS (lack of) Perseverance was significantly associated with baseline DBQ Inattention, whereas UPPS Urgency was significantly associated with baseline DBQ Inexperience and post-injury DBQ Mistakes. There were no significant changes in DBQ ratings from baseline (pre-injury) to follow-up (post-injury). It was concluded that neuropsychological functioning and self-regulatory mechanisms are related to driver behaviour. Some aspects of driver behaviour do not necessarily change after brain injury, reflecting the influence of premorbid driving behaviour or impaired awareness of deficits on post-injury driving behaviour. Further evidence is required to predict the role of self-regulatory mechanisms on driver behaviour and crashes or near misses.