Objectives Medical students display a high prevalence of psychopathological symptomatology, stress and burnout, which may continue in their time as resident and fully qualified doctors. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the effects of a mindfulness-based programme on these variables in an experimental group of medical students who underwent the intervention programme compared to a control group who did not. Methods A quasi-experimental study of two independent groups (experimental and control) with two repeated measures (pre and post) was performed. Eight sessions of 2-h duration each were held over the course of 16 weeks. A total of 143 students participated in the study, 68 in the intervention group and 75 in the control group. A sociodemographic questionnaire was administered along with the Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS). Results Our study revealed a clear improvement compared to the control group in perceived stress and psychopathological symptomatology, in the Global Severity Index, Positive Symptom Total and the primary symptom dimensions of somatization, obsessive compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity and anxiety of the SCL-90-R. The improvement was significant at both intra-and intergroup level. No impact was found on the level of burnout. Conclusions The mindfulness-based programme that was used resulted in an improvement in psychopathological symptomatology and stress, with no effect observed on BO score. This study can contribute to the design of a training programme to promote effective self-care and stress management strategies for both medical students and doctors.
Resumen. Numerosos estudios muestran altos niveles de estrés y ansiedad en estudiantes de medicina y profesionales sanitarios, describiéndose múltiples factores relacionados (altos niveles de exigencia, contacto con la enfermedad y el sufrimiento), así como su resistencia a solicitar ayuda en caso de que la necesiten. Estos estresores se han asociado con agotamiento emocional, disminución de la empatía, consumo de tóxicos y riesgo de presentar problemas de salud mental. Se han definido diversos programas para mejorar el bienestar de los estudiantes. La presente revisión analiza la práctica del mindfulness (atención plena) como ayuda para disminuir el burnout y la fatiga por compasión, incrementar las habilidades de autocuidado, disminuir los niveles de ansiedad y mejorar el bienestar general en este colectivo. La práctica del mindfulness se ha relacionado asimismo con la mejora de las habilidades y competencias relacionadas con una buena práctica médica: ser consciente de los propios contenidos de consciencia, ponerse en posición de observador, capacidad empática, escucha activa, estar presente, metaconocimiento y metaconsciencia de lo que está ocurriendo en la interacción terapéutica y establecimiento de la alianza terapéutica (junto con su componente vincular). La revisión de la bibliografía apoya que se introduzca la práctica del mindfulness en el currículo formativo de los futuros médicos. Palabras clave. Autocuidado. Educación médica. Estrés. Estudiantes de medicina. Mindfulness.
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