In the Philippines, Sangguniang Kabataan (SK), an aspect of politics in the local government level provides spaces for youth's meaningful participation in policy-making and governance. In this study we expand the cast of the domain of motivational studies to provide a new perspective on why youth participate in politics, the extent of their political participation and the relationship of the motivations to their political participation. Findings reveals that in terms of the overall motivations of the SK officials, the SK officials are both intrinsically and extrinsically motivated, but leans more on the intrinsic type of motivation. Although they are both intrinsically and extrinsically motivated, the extrinsic motivation of the SK officials is more highly self-determined. Moreover, results show they have an average to high levels of political participation. Lastly, the relationship between the motivations and political participation was measured. Results show that only the intrinsic motivation has a significant impact to the political participation of the SK officials. This goes to show the importance of Civic Education and Leadership development in developing motivations for leadership and political engagement of the youth.

This paper examined the experiences of children in conflict with the law (CICL) in the light of the lower-class-based theories of delinquency and labeling theory. Information on the current circumstances of the youth offender in the local context should prove useful as basis of concrete recommendations for policy decisions and courses of action for those concerned with children's welfare. The same information are vital for agencies and stakeholders in the five pillars of the justice system such as the law enforcement, the prosecution, the court, the penal system and the community. The study focused on the Tipanoy Jail under the BJMP and the Pag-asa (Hope) Youth Centre, the detention and rehabilitation centre of Iligan City. The study covered a total of two semesters.The Lower-Class-Based Theory of Delinquency and the Labelling Theory provided the framework of this study. These theories explicate why youth offenders seem dominant in the lower-class sector of the population and how devastating the effects of labelling on them as individuals. Data were gathered from a sample of 15 CICL and 15 non-CICL. Key informants from the DSWD, PNP, BJMP, RTC as well as parents of CICL were also involved. Personal interview, questionnaire, FGDs and case studies were utilized in data collection In turn, these were analyzed qualitatively whenever necessary and applicable, frequencies and percentages were used and data were displayed in tables and graph. Recommendations were offered based on findings. The findings are as follows: theorized factors such as overcrowding, poor housing, house ownership and type of home (broken home) were found to have influenced the commission of crimes, while migration status, employment status of father and mother were found to have nothing to do with commission of crimes ABSTRAKMakalah ini mengkaji pengalaman anak-anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum (CICL) dalam teori teori kenakalan dan pelabelan berdasarkan kelas yang lebih rendah. Informasi tentang keadaan saat ini dari pelaku remaja dalam konteks lokal harus terbukti berguna sebagai dasar rekomendasi konkrit untuk keputusan kebijakan dan program tindakan bagi mereka yang Journal of Governance And Public Policy 138peduli dengan kesejahteraan anak-anak. Informasi yang sama sangat penting bagi lembaga dan pemangku kepentingan dalam lima pilar sistem peradilan seperti penegakan hukum, penuntutan, pengadilan, sistem pemasyarakatan dan masyarakat. Studi ini berfokus pada Penjara Tipanoy di bawah BJMP dan Pusat Pemuda (Harapan), pusat detensi dan rehabilitasi Iligan City. Penelitian ini mencakup total dua semester. Teori Kenakalan Berbasis Kelas Bawah dan Teori Pelabelan menyediakan kerangka kerja dari penelitian ini. Teori-teori ini menjelaskan mengapa pelanggar remaja tampak dominan di sektor kelas bawah dari populasi dan bagaimana menghancurkan efek pelabelan pada mereka sebagai individu. Data dikumpulkan dari sampel 15 CICL dan 15 non-CICL. Informan kunci dari DSWD, PNP, BJMP, RTC serta orang tua CICL juga terlibat. Wawancara pribadi, kuesioner, FGD ...