The aim of the study was to evaluate the possible relationship of the hemorheological disturbances with the clinical symptoms and some risk factors (RF) for cerebrovascular diseases (CVD). The study included 68 patients with CVD, 29 with transient ischemic attacks (TIA) and 39 with chronic unilateral cerebral infarctions (UCI) and 47 healthy control subjects. A questionnaire for RF for CVD was filled. Hemorheological variables: leucocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, fibrinogen (Fib), plasma (PV) and whole blood viscosity (WBV) at different shear rates by Couette rotational viscometer Contraves Low Shear 30 were investigated and the hemorheological indices of erythrocyte aggregation (IEA), erythrocyte deformability (IED) and of oxygen transport to tissues (TO 2 ) were calculated. The arterial hypertension was the most frequent RF in the examined patients'. The hemorheological investigation showed significant increase of Fib in the patients with TIA and of PV and WBV in both patients' groups. The comparative study of the hemorheological variables with the RF for CVD showed predominating significant correlations with blood pressure (systolic, diastolic and mean) values, with age, cholesterol, physical activity and the body mass index. Our study confirms the possibility the hemorheological variables to be accepted as RF for development of stroke and for its recurrences. I. Velcheva et al. / Hemorheological disturbances in cerebrovascular diseasesdementia [2,16,17,20]. In these studies the abnormal changes of the hemorheological parameters correlated with the presence of arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and others [1]. Subjects and methods SubjectsA total of 68 patients with CVD, 39 with chronic unilateral cerebral infarctions (UCI) and 29 with TIA and 47 presumed healthy subjects were included in the study. All patients underwent somatic and neurological examination, ultrasound duplex scanning of the common and internal carotid arteries, CT, MRI. Also a questionnaire for risk factors for CVD was filled. The systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in mmHg were registered. The mean arterial blood pressure (MBP) by the Wiggers formula and the body mass index (BMI) in kg/m 2 were calculated (Table 1).

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The aim of the study was to investigate the changes of the common carotid local hemodynamic factors like wall shear stress and tensile forces in 16 patients with chronic unilateral cerebral infarctions (CUCI), 58 patients with risk factors (RF) for cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and 25 healthy control subjects. The blood flow velocities (BFV), the internal diameters (D) and the vessel wall intima-media thickness (IMT) in the common carotid arteries (CCA) were recorded with color duplex sonography. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were measured and mean blood pressure (MBP) was calculated by the formula of Wiggers. Whole blood viscosity (WBV) at the shear rate of 94.5 s -1 was measured on the day of the Doppler ultrasound examination with a rotational viscometer Contraves Low Shear 30. Wall shear stress (WSS), the circumferential wall tension (T) and the tensile stress (τ) were calculated. The main RF in the patients' groups were hypertension and hyperlipidemia. The SBP, WBV and IMT were significantly increased in the patients with UCI and RF for CVD in comparison to controls. Lower systolic WSS and τ and higher T were established in the patients with UCI. The IMT correlated with WSS and τ. The study confirms the complex influence of the changes in WBV and blood pressure for the development of carotid atherosclerosis.

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