ZusammenfassungPflegeinnovationen liegen in technischer Hinsicht in mannigfaltiger Weise vor, finden aber nur sehr unzureichend Umsetzung in die Pflegepraxis. Dabei greifen Pflegetechnologien in vielfältiger Hinsicht an den Sorgebeziehungen Pflege an. Die Auswahl und Implementierung von Pflegetechnologien verändert das soziotechnische System Pflege, d. h. es gilt der Blick sowohl auf die handelnden Akteure als auch auf die begleitenden Strukturen sowie die durch Technik veränderten Auf- und Ablaufprozesse zu nehmen. Erfolgreiche Implementierungen können vom Wissen der Akteure und der Einrichtungen über gelingende Adoptionsbedingungen profitieren. Gleichwohl gilt es festzuhalten, dass im Pflegebereich, insbesondere im organisierten Bereich, den verschiedenen Handlungsrollen zwischen Nutzern, Nutznießern und Nachfragern Rechnung getragen werden muss. Die Frage der Verbreitung von Technologien im Sinne einer Diffusion benötigt jedoch neben einer gelungenen Adoptierbarkeit in einem pflegerischen Setting belastbare Hinweise zur Transferierbarkeit in ähnliche Pflegekontexte. Hier systematisches Pflegewissen institutionell zu fördern, auch als Teil einer Reformulierung von Infrastrukturen, kann zur effektiveren und effizienteren Nutzung von Technologien für die und mit der Pflege führen.

Malnutrition and cancer cachexia are highly prevalent comorbidities of cancer, limiting patients’ quality of life and being relevant to prognosis. International and national clinical guidelines recommend supportive nutrition and exercise therapy for cancer patients. However, there is little current epidemiological evidence on the implementation of these guideline recommendations in clinical routine. To close this data gap, a national survey in Germany using an online questionnaire was conducted. There were 261 of a total of 5074 contacted hospitals and medical offices who participated in the survey (5.1% response rate). The data indicated that nutrition and exercise therapy for cancer patients is so far inadequately implemented, with 59% of the respondents reporting nutrition therapy as an integral part of oncological treatment, 66.7% having a nutrition specialist/team, and 65.1% routinely conducting a screening for nutritional status. Only half of the participants stated that there are defined goals in nutrition therapy. The majority of respondents (85.8%) generally recommend exercise therapy, but only a few of them provide specific offers at their own institution (19.6%) or at cooperation partners (31.7%). In order to implement the recommended combined nutrition and exercise therapy as part of regular care, there is a need for nationwide availability of multidisciplinary nutrition teams and targeted offers of individualized exercise therapy. Health policy support would be important to create the structural, financial, and staff conditions for appropriate guideline implementation in order to achieve the optimal treatment of cancer patients.

Bedeutung der Roheisenuntersuchung. Probenahme und ‐Vorbereitung. Versuchsdurchführung und endgültige Arbeitsbedingungen. Korrekturen. Programmanwahl mit Hilfe des Rechners. Aufstellen der Auswertekurve. Analysengenauigkeit. Grundsätzliche Schwierigkeiten bei der Bestimmung kleiner Gehalte. Erweiterung und Verlagerung der Meßbereiche. Einstellung des Rechners. Genauigkeit der Bestimmung.

In a field operation that uses coiled tubing in its applications, fibre-reinforced polymer matrix composite tubing is seldom used. Fibre-composite coiled tubes offer advantages, compared to steel material, through a reduction in weight and improvement in fatigue life. The stiffness of composite material degrades progressively when increasing the number of cyclic loading. The fatigue damage and failure criteria of fibre-reinforced composite coiled tubes are more complex than that of steel; hence, failure predictions are somewhat unreliable. Among the defects in composite materials, interlaminar delamination is the foremost problem in fibre-reinforced composite material, and it leads to a reduction in strength and stiffness especially in cyclic-load conditions. Delamination causes a redistribution of the load path along the composite structure, which is unpredictable; therefore, delamination in a composite coiled tube in an oil and gas field eventually leads to final failure, which could be catastrophic. A-ply-by-ply mathematical modelling and numerical simulation method was developed to predict interlaminar delamination of filament-wound composite coiled tubes under a combination of different loading scenarios with consideration to low-cycle fatigue. The objective of this paper is to explain interlaminar delamination as an initial crack and source of stress concentration in composite coiled tubes in the framework of meso-cracking progression of matrix damage modelling of composite laminates. The paper focuses on delamination failure because the largest span of the composite lifecycle is at the crack propagation phase, which manifests itself in the form of delamination. The analysis shows that the crack front tip is not uniform, and also shows that carbon fibre possesses higher stiffness values compared to glass fibre. The paper confirms that 2D modelling cannot express the real release strain energy rate at the crack front tip. Mode-I testing, however, showed that the double cantilever beam (DCB) only represents the normal stress from the release strain energy rate. The results also indicated that there were other sources contributing to the strain energy release rate, such as inter-layer frictions and normal stress in the end notched flexure (ENF) testing mode.

Aufgabe und Zielsetzung. Aufbau eines Versuchsgerätes. Versuchsdurchführung. Endgültige Auslegung des Gasanalysators. Durchführung von Bestimmungen. Analysenzeiten. Beleganalysen und Fehlergrenzen.