Résumé Cet article est la traduction de l’Introduction du livre, L’hydre aux mille têtes. L’histoire cachée de l’Atlantique révolutionnaire , à paraître aux Éd. Amsterdam en 2008. Il s’agit de l’exploration historique de la classe multi-ethnique qui forma la main-d’œuvre bon marché ayant permis l’avènement du capitalisme et de l’économie moderne transatlantique, puis mondialisée, à partir du début du XVII e siècle. Une «foule bigarrée» ( motley crowd ) constituée de marchands, d’esclaves, de pirates, de travailleurs, de femmes, de soldats, de criminels déportés, de radicaux religieux, etc., développa des formes de résistance et de coopération afin de se soustraire à une exploitation forcenée (exploitation d’une main-d’œuvre dans une configuration productive qui est déjà mondialisée). Les auteurs racontent l’histoire du rôle de ces dépossédés du monde moderne, et de leur lutte pour la liberté.
This article uses the myth of the many-headed Hydra, commonly employed by members of various ruling classes around the Atlantic to describe the class struggles that surrounded them, to illuminate the history of the working class in the eighteenth century. It concentrates on two groups ofworkers. wage laborers (especially sailors) and slaves, two zones of the Atlantic, Europe and North America, and four moments in the history of the Atlantic working class: 1747, when, in the Knowles Riot in Boston, sailors and slaves fought the King's press gangs and in so doing created one of the central ideas of the 'Age of Revolution'; 1768, when, in the London port strike, sailors, Irish coalheavers, and others pioneered one of the central ideas and activities of the modem working-class movement, the strike; 1776, when, in the American Revolution, sailors and slaves helped to instigate and win the world's fist colonial war for liberation; and 1780, when, in the Gordon Riots. the polyglot working class of London liberated the prisons amid the greatest municipal insurrection of the eighteenth century. It argues that fured, static notions of race, ethnicity, and nationality among historians have obscured a vital world of cooperation and accomplishment within a multi-racial, multi-ethnic, international working class.
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